(一、系统安装)
/ovVS6Ai 4n1g4c-
_M`ZF*o=c }4Yz P 4 前言
HXa[0VOx 7x6M]1F X>[i<ei (0NffM1 写本文的初衷主要是记录下我一段时间学习使用FreeBSD建设网站平台的一些经验和体会。因为本人是菜鸟,所以很多地方不够完善。本文权当给初学者提供一个具体可操作的实例。所有操作步骤都是我边做边写。避免出现遗漏或一些不必要的小错误,给初学者带来麻烦。
mp8GHV 88osWo6rG 本网站平台建设全过程包括FreeBSD系统的安装,web、ftp、mail、proxy服务器、视频点播服务器等。所有过程都在FreeBSD4.7环境下测试通过。
-{cmi,oy _eiqs 由于写本文时参考了网上太多前辈和大侠的资料,无法一一列举。还请作者原谅。
i7.8H*z' (NvjX})eh 本连载文章前后关联很紧密,建议初学者一步一步来做。
T"z<D+pN Jr!BDg 试验环境如下:
;bB#Pg }CBQdH&g; 硬件环境:普通pc机,双网卡。配制不需要高,主要是稳定,并能适应长时间开机。听前辈介绍AMD k6的cpu运行FreeBSD好像有点问题。不过我没有试验。建议用intel的。
?z9!=A%<V~ :Ph>\ aG 软件环境:操作系统:FreeBSD4.7(4.8)
"V>}-G& %i9 e<.Ot web服务器:Apache 1.3.27+modssl +mod_php4+mod_gzip+mod_fastcgi +mod_perl +mysql3.23
]!/U9"_e"B 1p.c6[9- ftp服务器:Proftpd1.2.7+proftpd-mod-quotatab-1.2.4+mysql
QgqJ # le'RU1k mail服务器: iceblood前辈制作的qmail安装包(经过修改)+vqregister-2.5
NbU`_^oC =o##z5j
K proxy服务器:使用FreeBSD内置的NAT和PPP拨号+squid
2L](4Q[M GM%OO)dO} 视频点播服务器:Helix Universal Servevr (realserver9.01)
X
61|:E 9S|sTf 网络环境:我用的是adsl动态拨号方式,因为动态ip所存在的一些问题,我把所有的服务都装在一台机器上,且这台机器要直接与外网相连。静态ip更方便一些。(本文两种方式都会讨论)
\ZLi Y $K^l=X #h[>RtP: o%?)};o 第一步:安装系统
w[-)c6J yE ^y/Es2A#t 关于安装过程网上有很多文章,这里不作详述。仅提出几点建议供大家参考:
* hs&^G (+|+ELfqW 1、 采用最小化安装。
5I2,za&e src9EeiV 2、 安装时启用inetd,并在编辑inetd.conf文件时,把带有“ftp”的行前面的“#”号去掉。这样作是为了以后安装软件时可以用ftp上传文件。
blgA`)GI 27D*FItc
3、 添加一个wheel组的用户,这样在系统工作正常后可以在windows系统上通过终端登录软件(如SecureCRT)进行所有操作。FreeBSD4.7在最小安装时支持SSH终端登录,所以我们需要使用支持SSH协议的终端软件,如SecureCRT。例如我添加的用户名是ylf,隶属wheel系统组。系统产生一个用户目录/home/ylf。我可以通过SecureCRT以ylf身份登录到系统,然后通过su命令切换到root用户。同时我也可以在IE浏览器内键入
ftp://192.168.0.1 ,并输入ylf用户名和密码登录ftp将需要的文件上传到自己的用户目录里。(192.168.0.1是我的服务器连接内网的网卡ip地址)。以下除系统安装部分,我都是采用终端方式操作。
g3$'Ghf =
J;I5:J 4、 分区时将/home、/usr和/var划的大一些,因为/usr为程序目录,/var要存放日志,/home是用户主目录,我的用户文件如网页、ftp上传文件等都放在这里。还有最好保留一部分空间留作以后需要的时候用。我的机器上有2块硬盘,一快18.2G SCSI硬盘,一块40G IDE硬盘。我是这样划分的。
x
7by|G( z{L'7 128M /
MV" n{1B d%8n 20G /home
%b^4XTz wSjDa.?' 2G /ftp
44ty,M3 7~XC_Yc1 256M /tmp
Z`tmuu U80=f2 6G /usr
,j*9 ) i=Qy?aU? 5G /var
'8;bc@cE J 4gtm"2) 其中/ftp是为匿名ftp用户访问专用。剩余空间留作备用。当然如果硬盘空间少的话,做我们的试验也是够用的。
uy
hh"[ { ^dq7! 关于安装方面的文章,大家也可以参考delphij写的《FreeBSD服务器的安装与优化》。
http://community.freebsdchina.org/catalog.php?forum=34 一文。
U4!KO;Jc xfb .Z( 安装完系统后,要重新编译内核。目的是要系统支持Firrwall和提高运行效率。
>.Gmu uBRlvNJ 首先确认系统是否安装了FreeBSD的内核支持。如果是最小安装,则需要运行/stand/sysinstall命令安装内核支持。方法如下:
g5nJ0=9 +LRKS # /stand/sysinstall
be8T<F -iR2UE@M 选Configure—Distributions—src—sys,内核文件将被安装在/usr/src/sys目录中。
dC({B3#e{ e(8hSVcl4 注意:这之后的过程在终端上操作要方便许多。SecureCRT支持在终端界面上直接拷贝和粘贴文本内容。
5IF5R# PGP#$JC 转到内核文件目录
`"=>lu2H
I<D#
# cd /usr/src/sys/i386/conf
;A,X,f
T>B'T3or 编辑内核文件
01?+j%k=m/ D0\>E}Y E # vi kernel_wwwx # kernel_wwwx为我的内核文件名
}%u#TwZ D -tRy~} 我的内核文件如下:
X9Ch(nWX :PT{>r[ #
\t!~s^ Oox ,JZ>)(@) # GENERIC -- Generic kernel configuration file for FreeBSD/i386
|HmY`w6*z _;k<=ns(= #
,H{9`a#+: c7XBZ%D # For more information on this file, please read the handbook section on
,'s}g,L ?62Im^1/ # Kernel Configuration Files:
%nZ:)J>kz 9`*ST(0/ #
%hSQ\T<8[o j,j|'7J% #
http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.IS...fig-config.html "TA0--6 eNd&47lJ #
qzZ/%{Ak -V}oFxk]q # The handbook is also available locally in /usr/share/doc/handbook
nFQuoU]ux %LrOGr # if you've installed the doc distribution, otherwise always see the
L?h?LZnq vIRT$W' O} # FreeBSD World Wide Web server (
http://www.FreeBSD.org/) for the
fxd+0R;f qofAA!3z # latest information.
Z5vdH5?!r 6B?jc/V.R #
F}}!e.>c #yH+ENp0
# An exhaustive list of options and more detailed explanations of the
tDRR 3=9pX ]6e(-v!U # device lines is also present in the ./LINT configuration file. If you are
BH0m[9nU; 76tn`4NIP # in doubt as to the purpose or necessity of a line, check first in LINT.
QCbD^ %R>n5m #
%M
iv8 CGi;M=xr # $FreeBSD: src/sys/i386/conf/GENERIC,v 1.246.2.48 2002/08/31 20:28:26 obrien Exp $
;2C @-sWXz*W ,>-j Ztm P PJ^;s machine i386
p^8a<e?f~f Xfk
DMh cpu I586_CPU
xh2r?K@k> ,m{R
m0 cpu I686_CPU
,ucRQ&P ^sf,mM~D ident kernel_wwwx #内核文件名,这个要和你的内核文件名一致
!5 }}mf _f^6F<! maxusers 0
lEHx/#qt9 iAz0 A fmixWL7.Zg tczJk1g} options INET #InterNETworking
(I$%6JO: m#'eDO: options FFS #Berkeley Fast Filesystem
86=W}eV1r blQ&QQL options FFS_ROOT #FFS usable as root device [keep this!]
i%FC
lMF GTR*3,rw options SOFTUPDATES #Enable FFS soft updates support
h[>pC"s?K tu}!:5xi options UFS_DIRHASH #Improve performance on big directories
xE8?%N U "K(cDV Q options PROCFS #Process filesystem
^s{F f+]W 0#WN2f, <: options COMPAT_43 #Compatible with BSD 4.3 [KEEP THIS!]
?b+Y])SJK 4:/V|E\D options SCSI_DELAY=15000 #Delay (in ms) before probing SCSI
y^C5_w(^jZ Z^> 4qf,k options SYSVSHM #SYSV-style shared memory
D3C 7f' fQ5v?( options SYSVMSG #SYSV-style message queues
C][$0 fB+h( 2N~ options SYSVSEM #SYSV-style semaphores
-~]H5er` o-@01_j options P1003_1B #Posix P1003_1B real-time extensions
F-s{#V1= UDJjw options _KPOSIX_PRIORITY_SCHEDULING
S($/Ov %C/p+Tg options ICMP_BANDLIM #Rate limit bad replies
@%,~5{Ir on7
n4 options AHC_REG_PRETTY_PRINT # Print register bitfields in debug
I,hw0e K%dQ;C*? # output. Adds ~128k to driver.
5f7id7SI ^t})T*hM0 options AHD_REG_PRETTY_PRINT # Print register bitfields in debug
4H6Fq*W{k M[`[+5v # output. Adds ~215k to driver.
A&M_ J `0qjaC A1prYD "kP,v&n device tun 1
)7
Mss/2T )Jjp^U3Ub options IPFIREWALL #防火墙
7Vy_Cec1 u1 Q;M`+> options IPFIREWALL_FORWARD #允许透明代理
+ALrHFG nz3*s#k\- options IPFIREWALL_VERBOSE #允许防火墙日志
~s+vJvWz G Y%5N= u options IPFIREWALL_VERBOSE_LIMIT=100 #限制日志
v^ ^Ibv bW=q G options IPFIREWALL_DEFAULT_TO_ACCEPT #默认允许所有IP包
b,^ "-r TO.b-
; options IPDIVERT #启用由ipfw divert使用的转向IP套接字
yn\c;Z i3eF_ _-C/sp^ q=W.82.U # To make an SMP kernel, the next two are needed
>+J}mo=* 5.\p]>|G1 #options SMP # Symmetric MultiProcessor Kernel
mS'Ad< j{Px}f(= #options APIC_IO # Symmetric (APIC) I/O
Z4i))%or x:Q\pZ hV(^Y)f Z;G*wM" device isa
kf'(u..G ESB^"|9 device eisa
$U?]^ svmb~n &x6 device pci
b#?sx"z ``CM7|)>` -|FHv+ >UCg3uFj iHhdoY[] nook/ 7] # ATA and ATAPI devices
OdFF)-K>~ i(|ug_^ device ata
nod&^%O" rNk'W, FU device atadisk # ATA disk drives
#r #[&b +%XByY5 1Rd|P<y q\<l"b z %nkP" Z# pL,XHR@Iv # SCSI Controllers #没有SCSI设备不需要这段
u9 &$`N_G t}k:wzZ@ device ahb # EISA AHA1742 family
b@CjnAZ 6]iU-k0b device ahc # AHA2940 and onboard AIC7xxx devices
W+a/>U ?+.mP]d_ device ahd # AHA39320/29320 and onboard AIC79xx devices
#A5X,-4G ^0v3NG6 device amd # AMD 53C974 (Tekram DC-390(T))
W!<7OA g $ C_N|o|dX device isp # Qlogic family
}W'j Dz7O [p6:uNo device mpt # LSI-Logic MPT/Fusion
82@^vX QwX81*nx device ncr # NCR/Symbios Logic
Zy+ERaF|] dXxf{|gk> device sym # NCR/Symbios Logic (newer chipsets)
5@5*}[M O(I^:_eH options SYM_SETUP_LP_PROBE_MAP=0x40
!-`L1D_hy %w^*7Oi # Allow ncr to attach legacy NCR devices when
A{s-g>s /C8 }5) # both sym and ncr are configured
zd5=W"Y;] <\epj=OclV +r!NR?^m )'m;a_r` device adv0 at isa?
}@HgF M" b+a+OI D device adw
k{mBG9[z bRu9*4t device bt0 at isa?
kqKT>xo4EZ r\"R?P$y| device aha0 at isa?
b[:,p?:@ =
zmxki device aic0 at isa?
>fYcr#i0[ (Huvo9 fJ8>nOh
Q`*U U82! device ncv # NCR 53C500
\C$e+qb~{ In1{&sS device nsp # Workbit Ninja SCSI-3
B]tj0FB`-* RVAku device stg # TMC 18C30/18C50
_b<;n|^ kKlNhP( OvT[JpV qfXt%6L # SCSI peripherals #没有SCSI设备不需要这段
{{G3^ysa l1T`[2 device scbus # SCSI bus (required)
[KBa=3>{ E@C.}37R device da # Direct Access (disks)
LN+x!#:e bJn&Y device sa # Sequential Access (tape etc)
I8!>7`L u)Kiwa device cd # CD
/lR*ab 8a*&,W device pass # Passthrough device (direct SCSI access)
P@@MQ[u?!. *jhgCm 'nPI
zK<v L E\rc A Tl yyJ{~ JRC2+BU
/ w=fWW^>bP <B>qEa_I # atkbdc0 controls both the keyboard and the PS/2 mouse
>bWpj8Kv 4AEw[(t device atkbdc0 at isa? port IO_KBD
'GezIIaH ,oH\rrglf device atkbd0 at atkbdc? irq 1 flags 0x1
$B?8\>_? <eEIR B](R(x>L jywS<9c@ device vga0 at isa?
3!F^vZ. }IWt\a<d Yr{hJGw[ E+i(p+=4 sxr,]@ d 8;kM`U # syscons is the default console driver, resembling an SCO console
itNuY<" _'w:Sx?d7 device sc0 at isa? flags 0x100
,EHLW4v 0?ab'vYcp P<X? Khd A;bF ! $mY.uu +w[ZMk # Floating point support - do not disable.
wtSU43D (<_kq;XtN0 device npx0 at nexus? port IO_NPX irq 13
^f>c_[fR 'AK '(cZ ftMlm_u Ws5N|g mlc8q s 1c QF(j_ # Serial (COM) ports
.aO6Y+Y yKUxjb^b\ device sio0 at isa? port IO_COM1 flags 0x10 irq 4
4G:~|N.{p <ot`0 [*O>Lk 5|0/$ SWd* # 我用的是8139和Dlink DFE-530TX网卡,大家可根据自己的网卡型号保留或删除
6p
}a! +x{o # 使用公共的MII总线控制器代码的PCI以太网适配器
nGWy4rY2S gdD|'h # 注意:一定要保留'device miibus'以确保可用
oUsfO-dET^ 7:F0?l* # PCI Ethernet NICs that use the common MII bus controller code.
43h06X` HqsqUS3[ # NOTE: Be sure to keep the 'device miibus' line in order to use these NICs!
cQ<|Of 9Vq device miibus # MII bus support
;UXV!8SM >'Lkn2WI device fxp # Intel EtherExpress PRO/100B (82557, 82558)
UH0l8ixc {,uSDIOj$ device rl # RealTek 8129/8139
f_PH? +a*Ic8* device vr # VIA Rhine, Rhine II
;{0alhMZ 5cf?u3r!qJ device xl # 3Com 3c90x (``Boomerang'', ``Cyclone'')
OcMB)1uh\ >"1EN5W
T^]]z}k Q?T+^J # Pseudo devices - the number indicates how many units to allocate.
(KN",u6F 0kCo0{+n pseudo-device loop # Network loopback
c;/vzIJj e.L&A| pseudo-device ether # Ethernet support
4Ia'Yr ,<+:xl pseudo-device sl 1 # Kernel SLIP
}l+_KA HaL'/V~ pseudo-device ppp 1 # Kernel PPP
Z1
)1s 075IW"p' pseudo-device tun # Packet tunnel.
esZhX)dS H(K!{k pseudo-device pty # Pseudo-ttys (telnet etc)
%CnVK1u! |qguLab( pseudo-device md # Memory "disks"
I 2AQ
G x1`w{5;C 2 pseudo-device gif # IPv6 and IPv4 tunneling
KsTGae;ds q p}2 pseudo-device faith 1 # IPv6-to-IPv4 relaying (translation)
}\H. G cM9>V2:P <,p$eQ)T% #O~pf[[L # The `bpf' pseudo-device enables the Berkeley Packet Filter.
yn+m,K/ xcl;~"c* # Be aware of the administrative consequences of enabling this!
6(?@B^S>2 ^F?B_' pseudo-device bpf #Berkeley packet filter
x&u@!# d] %.Btf3y~ (完)
2vB,{/GXP GD}rsBQNkJ .e5@9G.jb B!`.,3 我用的是8139网卡和Dlink DFE-530TX网卡,如果你用其他型号的网卡,需要察看当前目录的GENERIC 内核文件,找到描述自己的网卡型号的段并将其添加到新的内核文件里。其他的不改直接拷贝过来就可以用了。
BQUYT/$( a'-xCV|^ 接下来编译安装新内核:
r
UZN$="N ?nu<)~r53 # /usr/sbin/config kernel_wwwx #kernel_wwwx为你的内核文件名
J
R~s`>2
h8p{ # cd ../../compile/kernel_wwwx
Xo(W\Pes jQz^)8)B # make depend
RF6]_-
S.iUiS" # make
`ba<eT': >op/<?< # make install
NR&a
er X`v6gv5qj 重新启动(reboot)
(/&ht-~EL Q ijO%) SK/}bZ;f t3}_mJ 如果系统升级过源代码树,按下面方法编译内核:
#,lbM%a \QSD* # cd /usr/src
8Dxg6> ( Ygy%O% # make kernel KERNCONF=kernel_wwwx #kernel_wwwx为你的内核文件名
*3RD\.jPX liB~vdqj 重新启动
*a_QuEw_k .'+JA:3R b)XGr? |1!|SarM{B FreeBSD网站平台建设全过程(二、接入Internet并配制代理服务)
c\P}ZQ tIBEja^l {hO|{vz Y8s-cc( 使用adsl接入Internet有两种情况,通过拨号获取动态ip或服务商直接给定静态ip。后者配制起来较容易。本文先讨论动态ip如何设置。
@:'E9J06 26_PFHQu4 由于第一步重新编译内核时已经加进了对Firewall的支持。这里就可以通过直接编辑/etc/ppp/ppp.conf文件和/etc/rc.conf文件就可以上网并支持NAT方式透明代理了。
;$!0pxL)s MD1d # vi /etc/ppp/ppp.conf
<;+QK=f &,XPMT 我的ppp.conf文件内容如下:(注意set前要留空格)
|M<R{Tt}nf }
-hH2 default:
\sVzBHy d hI<$lEB set log Phase tun command
c&RiUU7 R 'mlKe x set ifaddr 10.0.0.1/0 10.0.0.2/0
W^:g_ @*T8> adsl: # 配置代号
3e;K5qSeo/ (|6!pQ7 set device PPPoE:vr0 # vr0 改成你连接ADSL modem的网卡名
7S&O{Q7) [)[?FG9
set mru 1492
Ax!@vL&@ TxkvHiq2 set mtu 1492
I[ZWOi\-
; uWXxK"J. set authname username # username是拨号用户名
=`(\]t"I aQ 6T2bQ set authkey password # password是拨号密码
hA~5,K0b aC'#H8e|j set dial
CS"k0V44} .d)H2X set login
wE <PXBl\b M@.?l=1X add default HISADDR
:e_yOT}} lQ.3_{"s (完)
Si#XF[/ _{i-.;K 99q$>nx,w g;3<oI/P # vi /etc/rc.conf
&19z|Id ON_GD" 我的rc.conf文件内容如下:(动态ip)
]=0D~3o3 +w3k_^X9c # -- sysinstall generated deltas -- # Tue Jul 15 21:20:28 1997
x4_FG{AIu 7 Uu # Created: Tue Jul 15 21:20:28 1997
|TBKsx8 v}z{OB # Enable network daemons for user convenience.
}<P%W~ 6ozBU^n # Please make all changes to this file, not to /etc/defaults/rc.conf.
w$I$xup ~Oj-W6-+&, # This file now contains just the overrides from /etc/defaults/rc.conf.
+qF,XJ2 9VTE?, hostname="wwwx.3322.org" # 你的主机域名
3o__tU)B
##NowO ifconfig_fxp0="inet 192.168.0.1 netmask 255.255.255.0" #内网网卡ip地址,fxp0是网卡名
@)@hzXQ !. ={p8X-x inetd_enable="YES" # 开机加载inetd
CH h6Mnw lFM'F [-?- kern_securelevel_enable="NO"
U
&W}c^# Cd'SPaR linux_enable="YES"
>\!>CuU }xzbg nfs_reserved_port_only="NO"
~hA;ji|I oakm{I|k} sendmail_enable="NO"
L@5g#mSl \?.M1a[ sshd_enable="YES"
Uefw obIYC usbd_enable="NO"
h@?BA<'S RE:$c!E! gateway_enable="YES"
?jBh=X\]: POUD*(DqNK firewall_enable="YES" #启用防火墙
^Ul*Nm
t3$+;K( firewall_script="/etc/rc.firewall"
.We"j_
} !g-19at firewall_type="open"
X=OJgyO/ aib)ItNb firewall_quiet="YES"
)/<\|mR B,dKpz;kFg firewall_logging_enable="YES"
ODqWXw# 6JL:p{RLi ppp_enable="YES" # 开机自动拨号
v:]
AS: K_~SJbl ppp_mode="ddial"
[R[Suf F{aM6I ppp_nat="YES" # 启用透明代理
vV9q5Bj: AfW9;{j&I ppp_profile="adsl" # 配置代号
?_c*(2i&^ t[L'}ig!q # -- sysinstall generated deltas -- # Wed Jul 16 06:52:13 1997
wq&TU'O KEj-y+ (完)
s8N\cOd#i #(NkbJ5ka BK:S: _-I 0f##. 这样重新启动后就可以拨号上网并实现透明代理了。客户端需要设置dns服务器为服务商提供的dns,网关设成代理服务器的内网卡ip地址,这里是192.168.0.1。并把IE中“internet选项”关于连接设置的所有复选框清除。
3F0:v,+; \TBY)_[ { 如果解析不了域名,检查一下/etc/resolv.conf文件是否加入了正确的dns服务器地址。
"&/&v I806I@ix a<X<hxW: ^^Tu/YC9x 如果是静态ip方式,则只需要编辑/etc/rc.conf文件。
pb5'5X+ Dy@f21+ 我的/etc/rc.conf文件如下:(静态ip)
*m sW4|=^2 D ~Y3\KP # -- sysinstall generated deltas -- # Tue Jul 15 21:20:28 1997
xem:#>&r bP 2IX # Created: Tue Jul 15 21:20:28 1997
"i1~YE 8^N"D7{mO # Enable network daemons for user convenience.
HRKe 7#e 3E361?ubM # Please make all changes to this file, not to /etc/defaults/rc.conf.
Z*|qbu) v2Bks2 # This file now contains just the overrides from /etc/defaults/rc.conf.
r'q9N <4Jo1 hostname="wwwx.3322.org" #主机域名
8BZDaiE" S|%f<zAtJ defaultrouter="218.10.104.1" #服务商提供的路由器地址
"syf@[tz7 /\KB*dX ifconfig_vr0="inet 218.10.104.188 netmask 255.255.255.0" #服务商提供的静态ip
MW+]w~7_Q b|*A%?m ifconfig_fxp0="inet 192.168.0.1 netmask 255.255.255.0" #内部网卡ip
|3MqAvPJ i.Qy0 inetd_enable="YES" #开机加载inetd
m+Yj"RMx& &?<o692 kern_securelevel_enable="NO"
i=<N4Vx b&Sk./
J6 linux_enable="YES"
jibrSz ^8nK x<&5 nfs_reserved_port_only="NO"
,wlh0;, q*<Df=+B sshd_enable="YES"
t$Z#zxX !f\y3p*j sendmail_enable="NO"
E0}jEl/{ bd2"k;H<o usbd_enable="NO"
`1KZ14K ;o#R(m@Lx gateway_enable="YES"
eRa1eRgP '7{0k{ firewall_enable="YES"
!R WX1Z %fpcH firewall_script="/etc/rc.firewall"
56m|gZcC $vdGkz@6 firewall_type="open"
Z;W`deA fmvv
q1G& firewall_quiet="YES"
'+|{4-V m(8t |~S firewall_logging_enable="YES"
@fbB3 H0s,tTK8 natd_enable="YES" # 启用透明代理
g!O(@Sqp1 {q"l|Oe natd_interface="vr0" # natd接口,vr0为连接外网modem的网卡
E#T-2^nD ?zN v7Bj # -- sysinstall generated deltas -- # Wed Jul 16 06:52:13 1997
(+ 9_nAgZ, HQ+:0"B (完)
xS,#TU;)Ol vpUS(ztvs /9WR>NUAO *IGgbg[0 重起后网络连接及透明代理生效。客户端同样要按上面说的方法配制。
n5%rsNxg eGblQGRS `W8GfbL =1%3".
"n@ 使用Squid:
l\*} 1HBch]J Squid是一个非常不错的代理缓存软件。我曾经一直在使用,后来因为我经常要改变web服务器里的网页,而Squid总是把我以前的页面缓存,致使不能马上反映页面的更新情况,再加上公司上网的负担不是很重。所以就不用了。
'@Y@H, 5_nkN`x 安装方法:
b'^-$ g R(*lXm5w 在FreeBSD下安装软件最方便的方法是使用ports。本文为了让大家对通用的软件安装方法做一定的了解,我们采用通用的方法来安装squid,也就是说,下面的方法同样适用于linux或其他unix版本。
M,PZ|=V6a BjJ$I^ t.>vLzrU >b |l6#% 在ylf的用户目录下创建目录app用来存放程序安装临时文件:
yKa}U!$ lBL;aTzo # mkdir /home/ylf/app
^ ;$f-e ]5' 将用户ylf设为/home/ylf/app目录及其子目录的所有者
"S^;X
@#v 9QI\[lT& # chown –R ylf /home/ylf/app
?jBna
~
~-6Kl3Y 到
http://www.squid-cache.org/Versions/v2/2.5/ 下载squid 的最新稳定版本,现在是squid-2.5.STABLE3
A[!Fg0X0
7+j@0v\ 打开IE浏览器,在地址栏输入
ftp://192.168.0.1 ,出现ftp登陆对话框,输入用户名ylf及密码,登录成功后。将下载的squid-2.5.STABLE3复制到app目录中。
t@!X1?`w ,l`q 执行如下命令:
Sz"J-3b^ gNzQ"W= # cd /home/ylf/app
nKh._bvfX ZV_Z)< # tar zxvf squid-2.5.STABLE3.tar.gz #解压缩安装包
h&5H`CR[ JMOQDo # cd squid-2.5.STABLE3 #进入解开的目录
g{f1JTJ7 \A5cM\- # ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/squid #配制、将squid安装在/usr/local/squid目录
VD+8j29 H4 &
d,8:m # make all #编译
4fZ$&)0& yc4mWB~gyU # make install #安装
~|pVz/s|G 2:/' 下面编辑squid的配置文件:
#=b_!~:% (( Ec:(:c # cd /usr/local/squid/etc
rFn;z}J2 gV!Eotq 将原来的配置文件改名
mhp5} <0 R7uH # mv squid.conf squid.conf.bak
PT|^RF%fT QM9~O#rL 编辑新的配置文件
< 7zyRm@S g^^%4Y # vi squid.conf
fh
)QX IJo`O 我的squid.conf内容如下:
?a~=CC@ PQXyu1 $ah, $B U{LDtn%@h6 #取消对代理阵列的支持
bP Er+?fu ]<4Yor}t{; icp_port 0
/[GOs*{zB f3V&i)w( z>&Py( #:vos VqG #对日志文件和pid文件位置进行设置
WMZa6cH '9*wr* cache_store_log none
W2yNEiH %7O`]ik: cache_access_log /usr/local/squid/var/logs/access.log
"(/|[7D) jY:(Tv3~ cache_log /usr/local/squid/var/logs/cache.log
?qw&H /R u|WX?@\ emulate_httpd_log on
&EmxSYL> %zd1\We pid_filename /usr/local/squid/var/logs/squid.pid
7l7eUy/z vf~q%+UqK RXt`y62yK } ~=53$+ #设置运行时的用户和组权限
\Q*3/_}G ]BP/KCjAI< cache_effective_user squid
3oxQ[.o X5qU>'?` cache_effective_group squid
wv
,F>5P AT+|}B! eOD;@4lR }9:\# #设置管理信息
}&rf'E9 fbwo2qe@K visible_hostname wwwx.3322.org.
Q2^}NQO= M$%aX,nk' cache_mgr
yourname@yourdomain.com vjZX8KAiZ EiP_V&\ 5xLuu KG _7]5Q #设置监听地址和端口
E7^tU416 ')bx1gc(? http_port 3128
i{ T0[\4 2*Z~JM udp_incoming_address 0.0.0.0
P)^K&7X ;r-
\h1iA' ]Vl*!,(i MrLDe{^C2 #设置squid用户hot object的物理内存的大小以及设置cache目录
Y$Js5K@F #g{ZfO[# cache_mem 32 MB
KTBsH; 6 N~\1yQT cache_dir ufs /usr/local/squid/cache 1024 16 256
A<9ZX=DAjw YANg2L>MK x
nWapG /qo. Z #访问控制设置
HHWB_QaL $62ospR^Y acl mynet src 192.168.0.0/255.255.255.0
9j:?s;B He)v:AH acl all src 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0
bX|Z||img L;fhJ~r http_access allow mynet
O#Xq0o I#Iu:,OT http_access deny all
7,j}] 1reJ7b0 ut& RKr3 +S^Uw'L$=T #透明代理设置
a`q">T%q cEve70MV httpd_accel_host virtual
h+,zfVJu lsY5QE:Qrp httpd_accel_port 80
s#)fnNQ, @]Iku 6d- httpd_accel_with_proxy on
Rc0OEs%7P j@ UIN3 httpd_accel_uses_host_header on
#kA/,qyM IA$:r@QNx8 opte)=]J }j+ZF'# #swap 性能微调
7$Bq.Lc#z ="d}:Jl half_closed_clients off
)(PA:j r$=iM:kERC cache_swap_high 100%
P9G c)$6{p IZi1N cache_swap_low 80%
35B0L.R 5z5#_*)O maximum_object_size 1024 KB
EXS
1.3> P3on4c 'r(}7>~fC -XkCbxZ #控制对象的超时时间
Q;)[~p 'F5&f9A refresh_pattern -i .html 1440 90% 129600 reload-into-ims
8nt:peJ$+ #)GL%{Oa refresh_pattern -i .shtml 1440 90% 129600 reload-into-ims
-+Kx^V#'R +sQ=Uw#e refresh_pattern -i .hml 1440 90% 129600 reload-into-ims
"sUL"i ?\(E+6tpP refresh_pattern -i .gif 1440 90% 129600 reload-into-ims
XcR2]\ (O\5gAx refresh_pattern -i .swf 1440 90% 129600 reload-into-ims
zy $FNj>1 refresh_pattern -i .jpg 1440 90% 129600 reload-into-ims
;} Ty b Z8z.Xn refresh_pattern -i .png 1440 90% 129600 reload-into-ims
Wf-i)oc4I 9K@`n:Rw refresh_pattern -i .bmp 1440 90% 129600 reload-into-ims
+Z/*=; ?E^~z- refresh_pattern -i .js 1440 90% 129600 reload-into-ims
;R@zf1UYA sn@gchO9s (完)
r[q-O&2& QO[! rt_%_f>qd q$(aMO&J 需要改的地方是访问控制设置中的子网改成你自己的子网。其他的地方可根据需要调整。不改也可。
k9~NIvnB` !L2R0Y:a 如果不使用日志,将日志设置部分改成如下句子:
L1VUfEG- l"f.eo0@7 cache_store_log none
d2Z5HFtY Y]Vt&*{JV cache_access_log /dev/null
u+&BR1)C vCb3Ra~L` cache_log /dev/null
)%- FnW ]p\7s )U`6` &F QpBgG~h" 添加squid系统用户和组
&;&i#ZO (]w_}E]N # pw groupadd squid
Oq7M1|{ "4<RMYQ # pw useradd squid -g squid -s /sbin/nologin
Qo4]_,kR po4seW! 建立cache目录
Yev] Lp 4`I2tr # mkdir /usr/local/squid/cache
FDbb/6ku |cEJRs@B 改变cache目录和logs目录的所有者为squid用户和组
:rk=(=@8` fINF;TK # chown –R squid /usr/local/squid/cache
qg7.E+ ZNuz%VO # chgrp –R squid /usr/local/squid/cache
-+Axa[,5= 9y{[@KG # chown –R squid /usr/local/squid/var/logs
=3]}87 8`v+yHjG # chgrp –R squid /usr/local/squid/var/logs
!trt]?*- ^HgQ"dD
< 运行squid –z建立cache目录结构
FIL?nkYEO (0 /,R # /usr/local/squid/sbin/squid –z
LBq~?Q.e Iojyku\W. IDQ@h`"B x{6KsYEY 测试squid运行情况
,)TtI~6Q qsOA(+ZP # /usr/local/squid/sbin/squid –NCd1
JR8 b[Oj.S c@wSv2o$ 出现下面显示证明squid安装成功
.vE=527g) ^I4'7]n- 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Starting Squid Cache version 2.5.STABLE3 for i386-unknown-freebsd4.7...
Hbu8gqu m2F2
2003/06/21 18:01:09| Process ID 160
2&MIt(\- Y,w'Op 2003/06/21 18:01:09| With 957 file descriptors available
##+|zka!U IFcxyp 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Performing DNS Tests...
8n+&tBq1 L.ScC 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Successful DNS name lookup tests...
]VtVw^ ir K1>X%f^ 2003/06/21 18:01:09| DNS Socket created at 0.0.0.0, port 1029, FD 4
5\gL+qM0 GqMa|8j 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Adding nameserver 202.97.224.68 from /etc/resolv.conf
c7UmR?m -^LUa]"E 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Unlinkd pipe opened on FD 9
?oana% B>Tfyo 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Swap maxSize 1048576 KB, estimated 80659 objects
Q97F5ru6 "
!F)K 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Target number of buckets: 4032
s~
||Vv! R[KF${X4 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Using 8192 Store buckets
h
DpIwzJ 7=i8$v&GX 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Max Mem size: 32768 KB
YXz*B5R ~e*3_l>9 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Max Swap size: 1048576 KB
hgIqr^N9 H'KCIqo
2003/06/21 18:01:09| Store logging disabled
P 4Vi~zMX
BIGln`;,f 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Rebuilding storage in /usr/local/squid/cache (DIRTY)
wJyrF tpu2e*n-| 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Using Least Load store dir selection
URU,&gy= I|zak](HU 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Current Directory is /usr/local/squid/etc
CD]hi,B_J o>WB,i^ G 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Loaded Icons.
W>f q 9 \9" 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Accepting HTTP connections at 0.0.0.0, port 3128, FD 8.
KuBN_bd >QyJRMY 2003/06/21 18:01:09| WCCP Disabled.
21NGsG paKur%2u 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Ready to serve requests.
?tzJ7PJ~B be?>C
5 2003/06/21 18:01:16| Done scanning /usr/local/squid/cache swaplog (0 entries)
],`xd_=]= 7egE." 2003/06/21 18:01:16| Finished rebuilding storage from disk.
aa|u*afWQ {
0\Ez} 2003/06/21 18:01:16| 0 Entries scanned
] V|hDU=t xgDd5`W 2003/06/21 18:01:16| 0 Invalid entries.
7~b=G <PLQY 2003/06/21 18:01:16| 0 With invalid flags.
#IJm*_J< 44Dytpvg 2003/06/21 18:01:16| 0 Objects loaded.
Lk%`hsv CFE ubEb 2003/06/21 18:01:16| 0 Objects expired.
&T.d"i G47(LE"2b 2003/06/21 18:01:16| 0 Objects cancelled.
!8g419Yg hcn$uyP 2003/06/21 18:01:16| 0 Duplicate URLs purged.
Z2n
Jw k+9*7y8w 2003/06/21 18:01:16| 0 Swapfile clashes avoided.
/q|r!+ gB7kb$J 2003/06/21 18:01:16| Took 7.3 seconds ( 0.0 objects/sec).
BF^dNgn+%K MzEeDN 2003/06/21 18:01:16| Beginning Validation Procedure
m(>MP/ UY>[ 2003/06/21 18:01:16| Completed Validation Procedure
^}SP,lg' JJ:p A_uX 2003/06/21 18:01:16| Validated 0 Entries
SjosbdD jY;T:C-T 2003/06/21 18:01:16| store_swap_size = 0k
Wd`*<+t] cNbH:r"Ay 2003/06/21 18:01:17| storeLateRelease: released 0 object
6=cfr; BH2 k8KRVXgx 否则根据提示检查配制文件。
)Ehi8 LN z su$IXI#R-& .7K)' 为了使squid的透明代理起作用,需要设置端口转发。方法如下:
&9Y ^/W <`$svM 编辑/etc/rc.firewall文件,添加下面一句
mpr_AL!ZO~ dU}Cb?]7s ipfw add 00500 fwd 127.0.0.1,3128 tcp from 192.168.0.0/24 to any 80
m+UWvUB) G2$<Q+UYs? 45.<eWH$*( e{Q;,jsh 下面建立squid的启动脚本squid.sh:
O2pntKI "D\>oFu 首先建立/usr/local/etc/rc.d目录
--fRh N> 1d$qr` # mkdir /usr/local/etc
t1JU_P ol0i^d*9F # mkdir /usr/local/etc/rc.d
^ps6\>=0cW /^]/ iTg # cd /usr/local/etc/rc.d
Ux,?\Vd sYEh>%mo^C # vi squid.sh
8Y]% S9. qX[{_$^Q 文件内容如下:
Y/x>wNW pV8_i7\ #!/bin/sh
nND;
lVQSO Z~0TO-Q lRk_<A mEm=SpO[$o #if ! PREFIX=$(expr $0 : "\(/.*\)/etc/rc\.d/$(basename $0)\$"); then
t[e]AU[} $u~*V # echo "$0: Cannot determine the PREFIX" >&2
ZZ>"LH `@q\R-` # exit 1
^B_SAZ&%% kYhV1I #fi
)[S#:PP r>e1IG vfd<qdi3p( yk0tA case "$1" in
pG6?"*Fz; |oWl9j]Z start)
>'lv Zt xfF;u9$; if [ -x /usr/local/squid/sbin/squid -a -f /usr/local/squid/etc/squid.conf ]; then
tj ?%{L pCf9"LLer (cd /usr/local/squid/var/logs; /usr/local/squid/sbin/squid >/dev/null 2>&1 &) ; echo -n ' squid'
"ejsz&n )3 I~6ar fi
O #<F"e;$ A`--*$ 8\ ;;
cP",szcY Dm@h'* stop)
Z0/$XS9|h; CnpQdI /usr/local/squid/sbin/squid -k shutdown 2>&1
fsl
ZJE ~.tl7wKkR/ # Uncomment this if you'd like the system to (attempt to
\.aKxj5 0HO'%'Ga* # wait for) squid to shut down cleanly
csd9[=HW/Q eZoAy[ #echo "Sleeping for 45 seconds to allow squid to shutdown.."
fikDpR 85f:!p #sleep 45
LOgFi%!6: !kG |BJ$j ;;
naro v.&c1hK