(一、系统安装)
B0+r ?+P D?c7 N\{{:<Cp\ Dve+ #H6N 前言
D$?}M> "7z1V{ ;Y XG!s+ShFV kVRh/<s 写本文的初衷主要是记录下我一段时间学习使用FreeBSD建设网站平台的一些经验和体会。因为本人是菜鸟,所以很多地方不够完善。本文权当给初学者提供一个具体可操作的实例。所有操作步骤都是我边做边写。避免出现遗漏或一些不必要的小错误,给初学者带来麻烦。
R3bHX%T L,\wB7t 本网站平台建设全过程包括FreeBSD系统的安装,web、ftp、mail、proxy服务器、视频点播服务器等。所有过程都在FreeBSD4.7环境下测试通过。
t,]E5,1 gm8FmjZtf 由于写本文时参考了网上太多前辈和大侠的资料,无法一一列举。还请作者原谅。
']&rPvkL Bj`ZH~T 本连载文章前后关联很紧密,建议初学者一步一步来做。
5 (cgHr" EEJ OJ< 试验环境如下:
"3;b,<0 Wm^RfxgN/ 硬件环境:普通pc机,双网卡。配制不需要高,主要是稳定,并能适应长时间开机。听前辈介绍AMD k6的cpu运行FreeBSD好像有点问题。不过我没有试验。建议用intel的。
Vi*HG &DD $S'~UbmYU 软件环境:操作系统:FreeBSD4.7(4.8)
ix+sT|> .,*68S0k7 web服务器:Apache 1.3.27+modssl +mod_php4+mod_gzip+mod_fastcgi +mod_perl +mysql3.23
DG-XX.:z SJ8CBxA ftp服务器:Proftpd1.2.7+proftpd-mod-quotatab-1.2.4+mysql
qP5'&!s&! Ri<'apl mail服务器: iceblood前辈制作的qmail安装包(经过修改)+vqregister-2.5
Hx?OCGj=S* Yw6^(g8 proxy服务器:使用FreeBSD内置的NAT和PPP拨号+squid
#a+*u?jnnL #qDMUN*i 视频点播服务器:Helix Universal Servevr (realserver9.01)
7#[8td %0Mvd;#[ 网络环境:我用的是adsl动态拨号方式,因为动态ip所存在的一些问题,我把所有的服务都装在一台机器上,且这台机器要直接与外网相连。静态ip更方便一些。(本文两种方式都会讨论)
E[a|.lnV |aX1PC)o_ ^rh{ [XbNZ6 第一步:安装系统
T$IwrTF@? p:Hg>Z 关于安装过程网上有很多文章,这里不作详述。仅提出几点建议供大家参考:
*Sw1b7l 7^FJ+gN8b 1、 采用最小化安装。
kn9e7OO## xgq
`l# 2、 安装时启用inetd,并在编辑inetd.conf文件时,把带有“ftp”的行前面的“#”号去掉。这样作是为了以后安装软件时可以用ftp上传文件。
231,v,X[ ;7*R ;/ 3、 添加一个wheel组的用户,这样在系统工作正常后可以在windows系统上通过终端登录软件(如SecureCRT)进行所有操作。FreeBSD4.7在最小安装时支持SSH终端登录,所以我们需要使用支持SSH协议的终端软件,如SecureCRT。例如我添加的用户名是ylf,隶属wheel系统组。系统产生一个用户目录/home/ylf。我可以通过SecureCRT以ylf身份登录到系统,然后通过su命令切换到root用户。同时我也可以在IE浏览器内键入
ftp://192.168.0.1 ,并输入ylf用户名和密码登录ftp将需要的文件上传到自己的用户目录里。(192.168.0.1是我的服务器连接内网的网卡ip地址)。以下除系统安装部分,我都是采用终端方式操作。
_Squ%z:D > }fw7 X 4、 分区时将/home、/usr和/var划的大一些,因为/usr为程序目录,/var要存放日志,/home是用户主目录,我的用户文件如网页、ftp上传文件等都放在这里。还有最好保留一部分空间留作以后需要的时候用。我的机器上有2块硬盘,一快18.2G SCSI硬盘,一块40G IDE硬盘。我是这样划分的。
_q
z^|J Iw[7;B5v 128M /
`Kb"`}`_vm lO/?e!$ 20G /home
:G[6c5j|V 3aUWQP2 2G /ftp
zI{~;`tzN J e"~/+ 256M /tmp
)WH;G:$&" UAEu.AT 6G /usr
L_O*?aaZ U+ANSW/ 5G /var
:lE_hY ]AB'POa 其中/ftp是为匿名ftp用户访问专用。剩余空间留作备用。当然如果硬盘空间少的话,做我们的试验也是够用的。
sLze/D_M* hF^y4v|5 关于安装方面的文章,大家也可以参考delphij写的《FreeBSD服务器的安装与优化》。
http://community.freebsdchina.org/catalog.php?forum=34 一文。
?2nF1>1 [I6&|Lz> 安装完系统后,要重新编译内核。目的是要系统支持Firrwall和提高运行效率。
cnraNq1 )8&;Q9'o 首先确认系统是否安装了FreeBSD的内核支持。如果是最小安装,则需要运行/stand/sysinstall命令安装内核支持。方法如下:
%U?1Gf e U["-`:>jfp # /stand/sysinstall
C8W4~~1S -$sVqR>_ 选Configure—Distributions—src—sys,内核文件将被安装在/usr/src/sys目录中。
jxqKPMf>@% c-oIP~, 注意:这之后的过程在终端上操作要方便许多。SecureCRT支持在终端界面上直接拷贝和粘贴文本内容。
bmQ-5SE B1i&HoGbz 转到内核文件目录
h/pm$9A e1/{bX5 # cd /usr/src/sys/i386/conf
9/#?]LJ <c.8f;1F 编辑内核文件
Ku`u%5< n^iq?u # vi kernel_wwwx # kernel_wwwx为我的内核文件名
6-Id{m x <^da-b>C 我的内核文件如下:
7CDp$7v2 <`?V:};Q #
vf;&0j&` 0Zh]n;S3m # GENERIC -- Generic kernel configuration file for FreeBSD/i386
i_f\dkol ;Q>+#5H6F8 #
0sfb$3y h>"j!|#!s # For more information on this file, please read the handbook section on
b6UpE`\z YhQ%S} # Kernel Configuration Files:
0s!';g Q mX5%6{], #
c^1tXu|& C K9FAuU #
http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.IS...fig-config.html *2>kic
aH g\]~H%2 , #
Yfr4<;% ''Hx& # The handbook is also available locally in /usr/share/doc/handbook
D"M[}$P Q N]y.(S)y # if you've installed the doc distribution, otherwise always see the
{Jc.49 Seh(G # FreeBSD World Wide Web server (
http://www.FreeBSD.org/) for the
3|(<]@
$ t.Yf8Gy # latest information.
/m|U2rrqb Q<>b3X>O #
~@$RX:p ipC
<p?PpR # An exhaustive list of options and more detailed explanations of the
722:2 { j;BlpRD} # device lines is also present in the ./LINT configuration file. If you are
v>/_U Zo<j"FG # in doubt as to the purpose or necessity of a line, check first in LINT.
8/k"A-m .'PS L #
9Cz|?71 ha?M[Vyw4Q # $FreeBSD: src/sys/i386/conf/GENERIC,v 1.246.2.48 2002/08/31 20:28:26 obrien Exp $
|B
{*so] ,lcSJ^yr HCw,bRxm =Q*x=}NH machine i386
/B<QYvv an2Yluc; cpu I586_CPU
m "96%sB 89x;~D1 cpu I686_CPU
G%ZP` oA?EJ ~% ident kernel_wwwx #内核文件名,这个要和你的内核文件名一致
Z&of-[) yA#nnu1 maxusers 0
:-Ml?:0_X MML=J~1 >hY.F/[
]0XlI;ah options INET #InterNETworking
*yv@B!r {H* options FFS #Berkeley Fast Filesystem
!Ahxi);a 14DhJUV"b options FFS_ROOT #FFS usable as root device [keep this!]
S ,x';" ;0lY_ii options SOFTUPDATES #Enable FFS soft updates support
wJC F"e l5#SOo\ options UFS_DIRHASH #Improve performance on big directories
sYbmL`{ /gn!="J options PROCFS #Process filesystem
{y'4&vt<~ dNf:I,<DCf options COMPAT_43 #Compatible with BSD 4.3 [KEEP THIS!]
us E%eF] Y/sZPG}4 options SCSI_DELAY=15000 #Delay (in ms) before probing SCSI
6qSsr] c \;_jg options SYSVSHM #SYSV-style shared memory
G6dUm_iB d(yTz&u) options SYSVMSG #SYSV-style message queues
]h,iyWSs pxn@rN#* options SYSVSEM #SYSV-style semaphores
2u$rloc$b W{c
Z7$d options P1003_1B #Posix P1003_1B real-time extensions
/;kSa}"Q aS``fE;O options _KPOSIX_PRIORITY_SCHEDULING
1|m%xX,[ JvK]EwR
; options ICMP_BANDLIM #Rate limit bad replies
_+X-D9j(l a 7685Y options AHC_REG_PRETTY_PRINT # Print register bitfields in debug
Q'Tg0,,S mVFo2^%v # output. Adds ~128k to driver.
N=\weuED CXi[$nF3 options AHD_REG_PRETTY_PRINT # Print register bitfields in debug
5M/~|"xk 4xH/a1&p= # output. Adds ~215k to driver.
G\o9mEzQ [X91nUz# s94*uZ(C/ Y::O*I2 device tun 1
S9{A}+"K Mi;Pv* options IPFIREWALL #防火墙
Qj'Ik`o P)cEYk options IPFIREWALL_FORWARD #允许透明代理
.)SR3? Mo5b
@
[ options IPFIREWALL_VERBOSE #允许防火墙日志
e^'|<0J ~oJ"si options IPFIREWALL_VERBOSE_LIMIT=100 #限制日志
h-kmZ<p|^ p{}4#+-<#H options IPFIREWALL_DEFAULT_TO_ACCEPT #默认允许所有IP包
ITg<u?z_ 91]sO%3 options IPDIVERT #启用由ipfw divert使用的转向IP套接字
I _gE`N KK6n"&TVa 5 5m\,UG7 j8nkNE]& # To make an SMP kernel, the next two are needed
BNj_f C}(@cn `L #options SMP # Symmetric MultiProcessor Kernel
xK_oV+ XT4Gz|k #options APIC_IO # Symmetric (APIC) I/O
.T)wG;+ ,ryL("G l&}}Io$?@
Inn{mmz
1 device isa
>,E^ R `y Sg4{IU device eisa
OQ-
Hn-H *AYq:n6 device pci
G[`1Yw$ Mc<u?H bK.*v4RG 8XG';K_ |JP19KFx'B *yaS^k\ # ATA and ATAPI devices
:W5W
@8Y (0B?OkQ device ata
DzQ /isalOT device atadisk # ATA disk drives
IvT><8<G yu)^s!UY; "VZXi_P #c5jCy}n N+h05` NcP/W>lN # SCSI Controllers #没有SCSI设备不需要这段
p[(I5p:L nYFrp)DLK device ahb # EISA AHA1742 family
FY ms]bv |K"Q>V2y device ahc # AHA2940 and onboard AIC7xxx devices
BHf$ %?3z, __2<v?\ device ahd # AHA39320/29320 and onboard AIC79xx devices
==& y9e o6d x\ device amd # AMD 53C974 (Tekram DC-390(T))
Rd&DH_<+^ ](A2,F
9(U device isp # Qlogic family
Y}1c>5{bE s4~[GO6> device mpt # LSI-Logic MPT/Fusion
Dlq!:dF{& KWZhCS?[( device ncr # NCR/Symbios Logic
])o{!}QUl\ z
-!w/Bv@ device sym # NCR/Symbios Logic (newer chipsets)
;Mup@)!j sVK?sBs] options SYM_SETUP_LP_PROBE_MAP=0x40
+a3E=GJ lQ-<T<g # Allow ncr to attach legacy NCR devices when
>m>F {v 68Gywk3]=u # both sym and ncr are configured
BtZ]~S}v pYx,*kG:HW NS~;{d\ @kqxN\DE device adv0 at isa?
?9kC[4G %'yrIR device adw
I70c,4_G pA6KiY& device bt0 at isa?
EUi 70h+ k~^4 device aha0 at isa?
!Aw^X} C U}RBgPX! device aic0 at isa?
&ASR2J n7cy[%yT ch8a IHni1 device ncv # NCR 53C500
3R3H+W0{ O\ZC$XF device nsp # Workbit Ninja SCSI-3
>ESVHPj] gvA}s/ device stg # TMC 18C30/18C50
yQiY:SH NOo? (Jk&U8y [OW <<6 # SCSI peripherals #没有SCSI设备不需要这段
c3^!S0U ?vFy3 device scbus # SCSI bus (required)
Lwr's'ao. #$I@V4O;# device da # Direct Access (disks)
WVdV:vJ- 9{*{Ba device sa # Sequential Access (tape etc)
P.'.KZJ:WD 3m1(l?fp device cd # CD
>
S>*JP SM2Lbfp!u device pass # Passthrough device (direct SCSI access)
{>
YsrD C Io1j%T#ZT m2c'r3 UEu @-
STo/ H648 [H[k QB*,+u4 H<(F$7Q!\ p~ b4TRvA6 # atkbdc0 controls both the keyboard and the PS/2 mouse
]JrD@ Vy {A/r) device atkbdc0 at isa? port IO_KBD
EtKq.<SJ _MBhwNBxZ device atkbd0 at atkbdc? irq 1 flags 0x1
{p +&Q| %MeAa?G-# &h-_|N gV2vwe device vga0 at isa?
J~m$7T3Af /4G1,T_, BJj'91B[d H9mN nZ_k Vu:ZG*^ Q$E.G63Wl # syscons is the default console driver, resembling an SCO console
|U%NPw5 'J,UKK\5 device sc0 at isa? flags 0x100
(?jK|_ 9>)b6)J D ?UtKu A2|Bbqd g:o/^_ >jW**F # Floating point support - do not disable.
;m]V12 iWs6 !s! device npx0 at nexus? port IO_NPX irq 13
;6G]~}>o .xT?%xSi/ y2A\7&7 p&(0e,`z/ -9b=-K.y _3`GZeGV # Serial (COM) ports
Jt_=aMY:7 ~H}Z;n]H device sio0 at isa? port IO_COM1 flags 0x10 irq 4
OrkcY39"~a h4hAzFQ.s x{1 v(n8+= ^E70$yB^ # 我用的是8139和Dlink DFE-530TX网卡,大家可根据自己的网卡型号保留或删除
<Wn~s= o?baiOkH # 使用公共的MII总线控制器代码的PCI以太网适配器
!db=Iz5) $--8%gh dG # 注意:一定要保留'device miibus'以确保可用
ef)RlzLOq xV>
.] # PCI Ethernet NICs that use the common MII bus controller code.
q,P.)\0A xWxHi6U( # NOTE: Be sure to keep the 'device miibus' line in order to use these NICs!
F*k
=JL /TMVPnvz. device miibus # MII bus support
>ywl()4O n!4}Hwz! device fxp # Intel EtherExpress PRO/100B (82557, 82558)
G4|C227EO L4 po1 device rl # RealTek 8129/8139
6tH}K Zux L2W device vr # VIA Rhine, Rhine II
dn h qg3Y $_<[kci% device xl # 3Com 3c90x (``Boomerang'', ``Cyclone'')
Otq3nBZ 1uo-?k GgpE"M? =[n !3M+X # Pseudo devices - the number indicates how many units to allocate.
H:G``Vq;0m i+`8$uz pseudo-device loop # Network loopback
+L 09^I hC$e8t60 pseudo-device ether # Ethernet support
B&MDn']fV/ D[>:az` pseudo-device sl 1 # Kernel SLIP
]9QXQH T!x/^ pseudo-device ppp 1 # Kernel PPP
@1j*\gYz )
gl{ x
pseudo-device tun # Packet tunnel.
r*{.|>me \#[DZOI~ pseudo-device pty # Pseudo-ttys (telnet etc)
w"v96%"Y =d;a1AO{& pseudo-device md # Memory "disks"
g0 Q,]\~ "-:H$ pseudo-device gif # IPv6 and IPv4 tunneling
y>C
!cYB gbdzS6XW~ pseudo-device faith 1 # IPv6-to-IPv4 relaying (translation)
BsA4/Bf mU[\// \(??Ytc<B }oD^tU IK # The `bpf' pseudo-device enables the Berkeley Packet Filter.
E?]$Y[KJKs IR"C? # Be aware of the administrative consequences of enabling this!
m+M^we*R >:.c?{%g* pseudo-device bpf #Berkeley packet filter
DlzL(p@r D?BegF (完)
D&fOZVuqZ W(62.3d~}? 3ko
h!q+ xZ'C(~t 我用的是8139网卡和Dlink DFE-530TX网卡,如果你用其他型号的网卡,需要察看当前目录的GENERIC 内核文件,找到描述自己的网卡型号的段并将其添加到新的内核文件里。其他的不改直接拷贝过来就可以用了。
H0b{`!'Fs: EwBrOq`C 接下来编译安装新内核:
/K2[`+- M[985bl # /usr/sbin/config kernel_wwwx #kernel_wwwx为你的内核文件名
I!!cA?W CL7_3^2qI # cd ../../compile/kernel_wwwx
`{ Ox=+]M \FO`WUAF # make depend
blomB2vQ mBL?2~M # make
q>+!Ete1p 8}BM`@MG # make install
Q0-gU+ig 1TEKq#t;y 重新启动(reboot)
q"269W: w!`e!} /pRv
i>_(: *QN,wBQ 如果系统升级过源代码树,按下面方法编译内核:
x'-gvbj! zZd.U\"2 # cd /usr/src
Ho#nM_ q _rSwQ<38> # make kernel KERNCONF=kernel_wwwx #kernel_wwwx为你的内核文件名
E\}A<r sw9ri}oc 重新启动
3Z~_6P^
+N md bi@ms@ BW)@.!C ;pL!cG@ FreeBSD网站平台建设全过程(二、接入Internet并配制代理服务)
jjrE8[ E#d~.#uH ;P<h9( B3yTN6- 使用adsl接入Internet有两种情况,通过拨号获取动态ip或服务商直接给定静态ip。后者配制起来较容易。本文先讨论动态ip如何设置。
aQHR=.S]X ~zZOogM< 由于第一步重新编译内核时已经加进了对Firewall的支持。这里就可以通过直接编辑/etc/ppp/ppp.conf文件和/etc/rc.conf文件就可以上网并支持NAT方式透明代理了。
{^Q,G x( pSAtn # vi /etc/ppp/ppp.conf
$J<WFDn9 Pc?"H!Hkn 我的ppp.conf文件内容如下:(注意set前要留空格)
<^$ppwk$ 4YY!oDN: default:
97HI9R h}tC+_"D set log Phase tun command
-F(luRBS(W J3'q.Pc set ifaddr 10.0.0.1/0 10.0.0.2/0
EajJv>X7 `
,SNq i adsl: # 配置代号
3zmbx~| =\ }T PyHq" set device PPPoE:vr0 # vr0 改成你连接ADSL modem的网卡名
r(>812^\ #Mk3cp^Yl set mru 1492
:^paI 4C?4M; set mtu 1492
KL!cPnAUu $KT)Kz8tF set authname username # username是拨号用户名
\FX"A# iDcYyNE set authkey password # password是拨号密码
amExZ/ }Z\S__\9 set dial
FzSL[S4i FbMtor set login
.*n*eeD, RnC+]J+?4 add default HISADDR
YvuE:ia NB44GP1-@ (完)
MtF^}/0w!` `t9k!y!GV kVCWyZh4 }(DH_0 # vi /etc/rc.conf
SXe1Q8; x|AND]^Q 我的rc.conf文件内容如下:(动态ip)
U8gj\G\` IMM+g]#e # -- sysinstall generated deltas -- # Tue Jul 15 21:20:28 1997
KSS]% 66Y vgDpo@fz8 # Created: Tue Jul 15 21:20:28 1997
? [5>! raSga'uT; # Enable network daemons for user convenience.
)/[L)-~y~ l{]KA4 # Please make all changes to this file, not to /etc/defaults/rc.conf.
O3T7O`H[ uzmYkBv # This file now contains just the overrides from /etc/defaults/rc.conf.
4i&Rd1#0dI +Q"~2_q5/; hostname="wwwx.3322.org" # 你的主机域名
Dk$<fMS,7c _iDVd2X"H ifconfig_fxp0="inet 192.168.0.1 netmask 255.255.255.0" #内网网卡ip地址,fxp0是网卡名
~z]VDEJ{q KJS-{ed inetd_enable="YES" # 开机加载inetd
q$b4S4Z7 \
qq kern_securelevel_enable="NO"
x)N QRd aO(iKlZ$ linux_enable="YES"
'Q7^bF^ GL-b})yy nfs_reserved_port_only="NO"
V?0IMc A)j!Wgs^z sendmail_enable="NO"
u>vvW|OB[ VpB)5> sshd_enable="YES"
G,B4=[Y {_L l'S usbd_enable="NO"
Ahba1\,N$ bWlYQ
gateway_enable="YES"
yZm=#.f .#iot(g firewall_enable="YES" #启用防火墙
?*
, >!lpI5'Z& firewall_script="/etc/rc.firewall"
^A=tk!C UU[z\^w| E firewall_type="open"
1tI=Dwx G3]#Du firewall_quiet="YES"
@TXLg2 XR[=W(m} firewall_logging_enable="YES"
M=&,+#z<V 9;\mq'v% ppp_enable="YES" # 开机自动拨号
Rrl `jr?I {m; ppp_mode="ddial"
b5Q>e%i# 9iM%kY#)W ppp_nat="YES" # 启用透明代理
RP+)sCh >KdV]!H ppp_profile="adsl" # 配置代号
_/%,cYVc8! <-N2<sl # -- sysinstall generated deltas -- # Wed Jul 16 06:52:13 1997
P,3w
b Uey'c1 (完)
xYW&Mfka (dQ=i dkDPze9l 3Z me?o*bY 这样重新启动后就可以拨号上网并实现透明代理了。客户端需要设置dns服务器为服务商提供的dns,网关设成代理服务器的内网卡ip地址,这里是192.168.0.1。并把IE中“internet选项”关于连接设置的所有复选框清除。
1kUlQ*[<| `]@=Hx( 如果解析不了域名,检查一下/etc/resolv.conf文件是否加入了正确的dns服务器地址。
"dDrw ]P; Ar,n=obG 5F
^VvzNn kQ lwl9 如果是静态ip方式,则只需要编辑/etc/rc.conf文件。
aH@-"Wi gVR]z9 我的/etc/rc.conf文件如下:(静态ip)
9^8OIv?m8 IPYwUix # -- sysinstall generated deltas -- # Tue Jul 15 21:20:28 1997
M;OMsRCVO 7:b.c # Created: Tue Jul 15 21:20:28 1997
gJrWewEe xh9$ZavB* # Enable network daemons for user convenience.
o59$vX, GPL%8 YY # Please make all changes to this file, not to /etc/defaults/rc.conf.
Vq{3:QBR *W^ZXhrZ # This file now contains just the overrides from /etc/defaults/rc.conf.
R)\^*tkz7 iI7ocyUv hostname="wwwx.3322.org" #主机域名
#RU8yT b l+g7 g; defaultrouter="218.10.104.1" #服务商提供的路由器地址
w7Y@wa! a@qc? ifconfig_vr0="inet 218.10.104.188 netmask 255.255.255.0" #服务商提供的静态ip
u-4@[*^T$ fxr#T'i ifconfig_fxp0="inet 192.168.0.1 netmask 255.255.255.0" #内部网卡ip
#C?M- |rZMcl/ inetd_enable="YES" #开机加载inetd
iT,7jd?6# fbbbTZy kern_securelevel_enable="NO"
'/@wk#, ^w.]1x linux_enable="YES"
Rc1k_fZ} x(eX.>o\ nfs_reserved_port_only="NO"
: N$-SV CPRVSN0b{4 sshd_enable="YES"
^V96lKt/ uh2_Rzln sendmail_enable="NO"
ty pbwfM] GfEWms8z usbd_enable="NO"
zhFm2 7dACbqba gateway_enable="YES"
lG94^|U SZHgXl3: firewall_enable="YES"
|b.xG_-s1 M~|7gK.m1 firewall_script="/etc/rc.firewall"
Q!U} \i%mokfbc firewall_type="open"
+>vKI8g*RH DR:$urU$ firewall_quiet="YES"
|3@DCbT s:"Sbml firewall_logging_enable="YES"
V8TdtGB.|h Kob,}NgqZ natd_enable="YES" # 启用透明代理
wT::b V{ sTlel& natd_interface="vr0" # natd接口,vr0为连接外网modem的网卡
gC/ e]7FNr ow3.jHsLA # -- sysinstall generated deltas -- # Wed Jul 16 06:52:13 1997
';/J-l/SE l&qCgw (完)
$Emu*' SFDTHvXu#_ G`>]ng ^9q#,6 重起后网络连接及透明代理生效。客户端同样要按上面说的方法配制。
Hy[: _E %'H DP3 'OziP Y6sX|~Zy 使用Squid:
+W*~=*h| <TRhn z Squid是一个非常不错的代理缓存软件。我曾经一直在使用,后来因为我经常要改变web服务器里的网页,而Squid总是把我以前的页面缓存,致使不能马上反映页面的更新情况,再加上公司上网的负担不是很重。所以就不用了。
ty0P9.Q wLXJ?iy3 安装方法:
p,$N-22a 9T24dofkJ 在FreeBSD下安装软件最方便的方法是使用ports。本文为了让大家对通用的软件安装方法做一定的了解,我们采用通用的方法来安装squid,也就是说,下面的方法同样适用于linux或其他unix版本。
Z}dK6h5+' $%cc[[/U ~!r;?38V` ~RuX2u-2&u 在ylf的用户目录下创建目录app用来存放程序安装临时文件:
y-1e(:GF 4r1\&sI$~ # mkdir /home/ylf/app
d)YlD]I p#ar`-vQ 将用户ylf设为/home/ylf/app目录及其子目录的所有者
`<X-3)>;G tZ9i/ =S # chown –R ylf /home/ylf/app
mSxn7LG - Fbp!*.
u 到
http://www.squid-cache.org/Versions/v2/2.5/ 下载squid 的最新稳定版本,现在是squid-2.5.STABLE3
_f^KP@^j 1" cv5U 打开IE浏览器,在地址栏输入
ftp://192.168.0.1 ,出现ftp登陆对话框,输入用户名ylf及密码,登录成功后。将下载的squid-2.5.STABLE3复制到app目录中。
chE!,gik rXX>I;`& 执行如下命令:
$El-pMq #lLUBJ#: # cd /home/ylf/app
cu0IFNF}[ s.}K?)mH # tar zxvf squid-2.5.STABLE3.tar.gz #解压缩安装包
|0y#} |/ fq6%@M~ # cd squid-2.5.STABLE3 #进入解开的目录
x 6`! A>yU0\A # ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/squid #配制、将squid安装在/usr/local/squid目录
{G:y?q'z L9D`hefz # make all #编译
NFs 5XpZ~ <'I["Um # make install #安装
i
U$~H lZ\8W^ 下面编辑squid的配置文件:
|HAJDhM,l oY18a*_>M1 # cd /usr/local/squid/etc
{q?&h'#y
ssi7)0 将原来的配置文件改名
2ndn8_l )S)L9('IxT # mv squid.conf squid.conf.bak
e{P v:jl -Ks>s 编辑新的配置文件
my.EvN C|$qVh> # vi squid.conf
HB/V4ki AC)
M2; 我的squid.conf内容如下:
L8QWEFB| %SM;B-/zHt fe?Z33V M<fhQJ #取消对代理阵列的支持
`Z?wj@H1` zN4OrG0 icp_port 0
Iry$z^ )|F|\6:ne +$,Re.WnP |@Tga_0p #对日志文件和pid文件位置进行设置
DmiBM6t3N qos7u91z cache_store_log none
>1~
/:DJ V)`2Kw cache_access_log /usr/local/squid/var/logs/access.log
g>@JGzMLP 6Xlzdt cache_log /usr/local/squid/var/logs/cache.log
!+T1kMP+l |W">&Rb<t# emulate_httpd_log on
.V?:&_}_I6 'YNaLZ20 pid_filename /usr/local/squid/var/logs/squid.pid
iQwQ5m!d & g{65 QP XIHN6aQ{X >gk_klLh #设置运行时的用户和组权限
}rTH<!j ?{{w[U6NE cache_effective_user squid
(jgk !
6 ~&?bU]F cache_effective_group squid
j i"g)d6 )h!cOEt n+~Dc[ }SN( ^3N #设置管理信息
"F<CGSo vT'Bs;QR visible_hostname wwwx.3322.org.
ggr FK|O^->B cache_mgr
yourname@yourdomain.com {4 Of. z ^gJy,T nM
)C^$3<t > VG #设置监听地址和端口
+L(amq;S ly[LF1t http_port 3128
XpIiJry!6 c7Z4u|G udp_incoming_address 0.0.0.0
kI\m0];KnQ vJkc/7 C_.9qo]DT7 "/#JC}] #设置squid用户hot object的物理内存的大小以及设置cache目录
ie}OZM }I"C4'(a cache_mem 32 MB
a^|DD#5 Nk`UQ~g$ cache_dir ufs /usr/local/squid/cache 1024 16 256
lq/2Y4LE) W?
iA P f-=\qSo 3dShznlf_* #访问控制设置
GP|=4T}Bf !d*[QD8 acl mynet src 192.168.0.0/255.255.255.0
d"$8-_K [|u^:&az acl all src 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0
[M_{~1xX [uq>b|`RG http_access allow mynet
;t`
?| \INH[X#> http_access deny all
XZ
rI w Q=\
Oa(I &J[a.:.. ,b+NhxdZ #透明代理设置
h`fVQN.3 {Z.6\G&q httpd_accel_host virtual
!XA3G`}p6s "(koR Q httpd_accel_port 80
30Yis_l2h e_vsiT httpd_accel_with_proxy on
TQ
Vk;&A ?HZp@& httpd_accel_uses_host_header on
T:|/ux3 ]6&NIz`:, $|4C]Me ( 3:%k
pnO #swap 性能微调
J(
}2Ua_ <Ox[![SR half_closed_clients off
I0=_=aZO( #c!:&9oU cache_swap_high 100%
NzRvb j] ?I.9?cQXZ cache_swap_low 80%
lG*Rw-?a bIKg>U'5d maximum_object_size 1024 KB
(iIw}f)w :fRXLe1= \?:L>-&h8 T?9D?u?] #控制对象的超时时间
v1h(_NLI! Er~ 17$b refresh_pattern -i .html 1440 90% 129600 reload-into-ims
vG&>-Z F c[KIG3@ refresh_pattern -i .shtml 1440 90% 129600 reload-into-ims
ffCDO\i({ @WJ;T= L refresh_pattern -i .hml 1440 90% 129600 reload-into-ims
vNv?trw ]!UYl refresh_pattern -i .gif 1440 90% 129600 reload-into-ims
J=V ?M2(80 refresh_pattern -i .swf 1440 90% 129600 reload-into-ims
O--p)\ +,Dc0VC? refresh_pattern -i .jpg 1440 90% 129600 reload-into-ims
f*ZU a &9k~\;x refresh_pattern -i .png 1440 90% 129600 reload-into-ims
^<]'?4m] aCQtE,. refresh_pattern -i .bmp 1440 90% 129600 reload-into-ims
+qxPUfN 3f|}p{3 refresh_pattern -i .js 1440 90% 129600 reload-into-ims
Q&m85'r5X ~ KK9aV{ (完)
Gk;YAI "SF0b jG9C
Xo^8o0xi -K"'F`;W 需要改的地方是访问控制设置中的子网改成你自己的子网。其他的地方可根据需要调整。不改也可。
GqFx^dY4* ;!yK~OBxt 如果不使用日志,将日志设置部分改成如下句子:
:I"CQ
C[Z |@ mz@ cache_store_log none
?7{U=1gb$ f^%3zWp|- cache_access_log /dev/null
(1/Sf&2i Xj?Wvt cache_log /dev/null
,"qCz[aDN1 `CK~x= %cNN<x8 gv!8' DKn 添加squid系统用户和组
5f0M{J,KC <H[w0Z$ # pw groupadd squid
{1GJ,['qL 4^_6~ YP7 # pw useradd squid -g squid -s /sbin/nologin
n}p G&&;q C* `WMP* 建立cache目录
*MJm:
l\U
Q2i # mkdir /usr/local/squid/cache
N#w5}It zal]t$z> 改变cache目录和logs目录的所有者为squid用户和组
Xz]l#w4Pp }"Y<<e<z: # chown –R squid /usr/local/squid/cache
|jsI-?%8J G,8mFH # chgrp –R squid /usr/local/squid/cache
+/OSg. !_glZ*tL # chown –R squid /usr/local/squid/var/logs
sA0Ho6 GT>'|~e # chgrp –R squid /usr/local/squid/var/logs
g`EZLDjt w,~*ead 运行squid –z建立cache目录结构
xBHf~:! l;F"m+B!$ # /usr/local/squid/sbin/squid –z
6:1`lsP 1nVQYqT_ YV>a 3 Po>6I0y 测试squid运行情况
^`H'LD }2
S. # /usr/local/squid/sbin/squid –NCd1
ulR yt^bx| ITPE2x 出现下面显示证明squid安装成功
*i#2>=) EPo)7<|> 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Starting Squid Cache version 2.5.STABLE3 for i386-unknown-freebsd4.7...
2:LUB)&i F`}'^> 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Process ID 160
)! [B( YSjc= 2003/06/21 18:01:09| With 957 file descriptors available
z:'m50' =D zrM% 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Performing DNS Tests...
b,~'wm8:A pj'gTQ),0 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Successful DNS name lookup tests...
4+olyBht iGW(2.Z 2003/06/21 18:01:09| DNS Socket created at 0.0.0.0, port 1029, FD 4
g$(Y\`zw _KRnx- 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Adding nameserver 202.97.224.68 from /etc/resolv.conf
Nr4Fp`b8 zK0M WyXO 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Unlinkd pipe opened on FD 9
L03I:IJ b:1B
> 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Swap maxSize 1048576 KB, estimated 80659 objects
kH g|! ? Fqh
i 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Target number of buckets: 4032
f,YORJ 1$Up7=Dr= 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Using 8192 Store buckets
81RuNs] zJ`u>:*$ 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Max Mem size: 32768 KB
[gzaOP`f /fQcrd7h 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Max Swap size: 1048576 KB
.+7n@Sc DLwlA!z 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Store logging disabled
t%@iF
U;} I!zoo[/)% 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Rebuilding storage in /usr/local/squid/cache (DIRTY)
;LS. c<13 r=+ 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Using Least Load store dir selection
<h(AJX7wsD ?MDo. z3 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Current Directory is /usr/local/squid/etc
9G6)ja?W dcKpsX 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Loaded Icons.
2e6P?pX~2 (~|)Gmq2 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Accepting HTTP connections at 0.0.0.0, port 3128, FD 8.
qMaO1cE\ zkt~[-jm} 2003/06/21 18:01:09| WCCP Disabled.
k(f),_ F%L"Q>aHW 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Ready to serve requests.
e"@r[pq-{u ~'*23]j 2003/06/21 18:01:16| Done scanning /usr/local/squid/cache swaplog (0 entries)
gd[muR ~ clDn=k< 2003/06/21 18:01:16| Finished rebuilding storage from disk.
<B%wq>4S sta/i?n 2003/06/21 18:01:16| 0 Entries scanned
MdX4Rp' y0O(n/ 2003/06/21 18:01:16| 0 Invalid entries.
Wv>`x?W s?<FS@k 2003/06/21 18:01:16| 0 With invalid flags.
{F_>cyR Tw \@]fw 2003/06/21 18:01:16| 0 Objects loaded.
}51QUFhL0 padV|hF3(e 2003/06/21 18:01:16| 0 Objects expired.
zGe =l; t:dvgRJt* 2003/06/21 18:01:16| 0 Objects cancelled.
[voc_o7AI yO-2.2h 2003/06/21 18:01:16| 0 Duplicate URLs purged.
'+_-r'2 <F`9;WX 2003/06/21 18:01:16| 0 Swapfile clashes avoided.
lC*xyOK .KYs5Qu 2003/06/21 18:01:16| Took 7.3 seconds ( 0.0 objects/sec).
.aL%}`8l? |yNyk7~ 2003/06/21 18:01:16| Beginning Validation Procedure
'>OEQU5- w2$ L;q 2003/06/21 18:01:16| Completed Validation Procedure
e?\Od}Hbw D _\HX9 2003/06/21 18:01:16| Validated 0 Entries
uUl ;}W /3+E-|4s 2003/06/21 18:01:16| store_swap_size = 0k
=5:vKL j I9TNUZq(' 2003/06/21 18:01:17| storeLateRelease: released 0 object
E.'6p \ [)IaXa 否则根据提示检查配制文件。
1>_$O|dE tIA)LF vr>J$(F |/-# N 为了使squid的透明代理起作用,需要设置端口转发。方法如下:
CE183l\ 4P2p|Gc3 编辑/etc/rc.firewall文件,添加下面一句
"{{@N4^ Pi&\GMzd ipfw add 00500 fwd 127.0.0.1,3128 tcp from 192.168.0.0/24 to any 80
acpc[^' }k1[Fc| _qit$#wK; <^Q`
y 下面建立squid的启动脚本squid.sh:
$YBH;^# [woxCfSA 首先建立/usr/local/etc/rc.d目录
(ds*$] ~O~we # mkdir /usr/local/etc
lKirc2 GwD"j] # mkdir /usr/local/etc/rc.d
]sI{+$~:c BD ,3JDqT # cd /usr/local/etc/rc.d
t5p#g<