(一、系统安装)
k+Ew+j1_ ti6\~SY F|.,lb |L $qOV#,@ 前言
IoUQ~JviA C/AqAW1
m]LR4V6k| rz/^_dV 写本文的初衷主要是记录下我一段时间学习使用FreeBSD建设网站平台的一些经验和体会。因为本人是菜鸟,所以很多地方不够完善。本文权当给初学者提供一个具体可操作的实例。所有操作步骤都是我边做边写。避免出现遗漏或一些不必要的小错误,给初学者带来麻烦。
A0Z<1|6r* &+F|v(|r 本网站平台建设全过程包括FreeBSD系统的安装,web、ftp、mail、proxy服务器、视频点播服务器等。所有过程都在FreeBSD4.7环境下测试通过。
.
!gkJ F-K=Otj 由于写本文时参考了网上太多前辈和大侠的资料,无法一一列举。还请作者原谅。
F~j
U; L my+y<C-o` 本连载文章前后关联很紧密,建议初学者一步一步来做。
}2dz];bR Bc1[^{`bq^ 试验环境如下:
i$MYR @ Th1/Bxb:
硬件环境:普通pc机,双网卡。配制不需要高,主要是稳定,并能适应长时间开机。听前辈介绍AMD k6的cpu运行FreeBSD好像有点问题。不过我没有试验。建议用intel的。
15PFnk6E| l"9.zPvT< 软件环境:操作系统:FreeBSD4.7(4.8)
qbu>YTj S-)mv'Al'F web服务器:Apache 1.3.27+modssl +mod_php4+mod_gzip+mod_fastcgi +mod_perl +mysql3.23
4?Mb>\n%<^ w
D|p'N ftp服务器:Proftpd1.2.7+proftpd-mod-quotatab-1.2.4+mysql
CZE!rpl v,6 mail服务器: iceblood前辈制作的qmail安装包(经过修改)+vqregister-2.5
dMkDNaH, MZ" yjQ A proxy服务器:使用FreeBSD内置的NAT和PPP拨号+squid
2BTFK"=U %{GYTc \'X 视频点播服务器:Helix Universal Servevr (realserver9.01)
cspO5S># 8I=n9Uyz 网络环境:我用的是adsl动态拨号方式,因为动态ip所存在的一些问题,我把所有的服务都装在一台机器上,且这台机器要直接与外网相连。静态ip更方便一些。(本文两种方式都会讨论)
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)H>Uu5@ Q.SLiI
rHhn)m ] Tc!=SV 第一步:安装系统
cH$zDm1 />1Ndj 关于安装过程网上有很多文章,这里不作详述。仅提出几点建议供大家参考:
="%nW3e@ 7PE3>cD 1、 采用最小化安装。
)
xRm GJlkEWs 2、 安装时启用inetd,并在编辑inetd.conf文件时,把带有“ftp”的行前面的“#”号去掉。这样作是为了以后安装软件时可以用ftp上传文件。
%4X#|22n ;uw`6 KJ 3、 添加一个wheel组的用户,这样在系统工作正常后可以在windows系统上通过终端登录软件(如SecureCRT)进行所有操作。FreeBSD4.7在最小安装时支持SSH终端登录,所以我们需要使用支持SSH协议的终端软件,如SecureCRT。例如我添加的用户名是ylf,隶属wheel系统组。系统产生一个用户目录/home/ylf。我可以通过SecureCRT以ylf身份登录到系统,然后通过su命令切换到root用户。同时我也可以在IE浏览器内键入
ftp://192.168.0.1 ,并输入ylf用户名和密码登录ftp将需要的文件上传到自己的用户目录里。(192.168.0.1是我的服务器连接内网的网卡ip地址)。以下除系统安装部分,我都是采用终端方式操作。
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@-O}W ~~J xw ] 4、 分区时将/home、/usr和/var划的大一些,因为/usr为程序目录,/var要存放日志,/home是用户主目录,我的用户文件如网页、ftp上传文件等都放在这里。还有最好保留一部分空间留作以后需要的时候用。我的机器上有2块硬盘,一快18.2G SCSI硬盘,一块40G IDE硬盘。我是这样划分的。
&+t! LM |a!AgvNF 128M /
f n]rMH4> Z.9?u; 20G /home
aDJ\% ziFg+i%s 2G /ftp
B^4D`0G[4 Yt^<^l77D 256M /tmp
3@u<Sa GE+%V7 6G /usr
$@
/K/" <PBrW#:' 5G /var
"zU}]|R 5HWVK . 其中/ftp是为匿名ftp用户访问专用。剩余空间留作备用。当然如果硬盘空间少的话,做我们的试验也是够用的。
Z0yy<9q]2 OGmOk>_ 关于安装方面的文章,大家也可以参考delphij写的《FreeBSD服务器的安装与优化》。
http://community.freebsdchina.org/catalog.php?forum=34 一文。
:4o08M% i={ :6K?^ 安装完系统后,要重新编译内核。目的是要系统支持Firrwall和提高运行效率。
Q_p!;3 7D5;lM[_ 首先确认系统是否安装了FreeBSD的内核支持。如果是最小安装,则需要运行/stand/sysinstall命令安装内核支持。方法如下:
p7.j>w1F pz'l9Gp;@ # /stand/sysinstall
f-at@C1L%L %onUCN<O` 选Configure—Distributions—src—sys,内核文件将被安装在/usr/src/sys目录中。
8
1Ar.< AGwFD 注意:这之后的过程在终端上操作要方便许多。SecureCRT支持在终端界面上直接拷贝和粘贴文本内容。
lZyxJDZ A t- Rp_2t 转到内核文件目录
UclQo~3 c;M7[y& # cd /usr/src/sys/i386/conf
vj?v7 ^1d"Rqtv 编辑内核文件
QBi&Q%p iy 5k&tRg # vi kernel_wwwx # kernel_wwwx为我的内核文件名
+APf[ZpU 1UR;} 我的内核文件如下:
[3Qu @;"& ?NazfK #
x --buO %m8;Lh-X # GENERIC -- Generic kernel configuration file for FreeBSD/i386
>s\j/yM )ESF)aKMiz #
h-"c
)?p YHoj^=/b # For more information on this file, please read the handbook section on
g[P.lpi{U L,I5/K6 # Kernel Configuration Files:
\Qp #utC0s & <{= #
YuO-a$BP }=kf52Am,} #
http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.IS...fig-config.html =M]f7lJ D@[Mk"f #
d1=kHU4_9 =F>@z4[P- # The handbook is also available locally in /usr/share/doc/handbook
P#`Mg@. PA5_ # if you've installed the doc distribution, otherwise always see the
O0?.$f9 s fX)C8J^=G # FreeBSD World Wide Web server (
http://www.FreeBSD.org/) for the
[K2\e N~g wKe$(>d"L # latest information.
4H4U 'BE &l W #
{Vz.|
a[T I?sA)!8 # An exhaustive list of options and more detailed explanations of the
oH/6 W_z2Fs"A # device lines is also present in the ./LINT configuration file. If you are
+ V:P-D #q2cVN1 # in doubt as to the purpose or necessity of a line, check first in LINT.
YyR)2j1O uo`O$k<; #
Mx,QgYSu R(dVE\u # $FreeBSD: src/sys/i386/conf/GENERIC,v 1.246.2.48 2002/08/31 20:28:26 obrien Exp $
sS$"6 AF5$U8jf Z
P\A Wb! "L`m machine i386
79:Wo>C3- y=!"++T]B< cpu I586_CPU
p1B~:9y9X ]<z4p'F1% cpu I686_CPU
k(n{$ &m=Xg(G~c ident kernel_wwwx #内核文件名,这个要和你的内核文件名一致
G\8ps~3T OoKzPePWji maxusers 0
d/>owCwQ QN=a{ (;1FhIi& :[#g_*G@p options INET #InterNETworking
imcq
H cU\Er{
k options FFS #Berkeley Fast Filesystem
,o(7z^1Pe; kz]vXJ options FFS_ROOT #FFS usable as root device [keep this!]
0i}4T:J@` Pkx*1.uo options SOFTUPDATES #Enable FFS soft updates support
hX#s3)87 J)O1)fR options UFS_DIRHASH #Improve performance on big directories
g?V>+oMx nBs%k!RR options PROCFS #Process filesystem
r3X|*/ as\6XW$;Q options COMPAT_43 #Compatible with BSD 4.3 [KEEP THIS!]
b2;+a( k/+-Tq; options SCSI_DELAY=15000 #Delay (in ms) before probing SCSI
u|m>h(O A^+G
w\ options SYSVSHM #SYSV-style shared memory
fFD:E} >5 / d
S! options SYSVMSG #SYSV-style message queues
QG\lXY, bH}6N>Fp options SYSVSEM #SYSV-style semaphores
+^% y&8e FC.d]XA%/d options P1003_1B #Posix P1003_1B real-time extensions
` aTkIo:ms oY@4G)5 options _KPOSIX_PRIORITY_SCHEDULING
9z9z:PU rM6^pzxe options ICMP_BANDLIM #Rate limit bad replies
(g2?&b
iuz p8<Y5:` options AHC_REG_PRETTY_PRINT # Print register bitfields in debug
$x&@!/&|pv Skgvnmk[U # output. Adds ~128k to driver.
+5pK[%k TK.a6HJG options AHD_REG_PRETTY_PRINT # Print register bitfields in debug
(fON\)l XCU.tWR: # output. Adds ~215k to driver.
d%l_:M3 nenYP0 mG[S"?C uSSnr#i^j device tun 1
iTTe`Zr5y *0ZL@Kw options IPFIREWALL #防火墙
M/GQQG; olPV"<;+pO options IPFIREWALL_FORWARD #允许透明代理
=w HU*mK H!U\;ny options IPFIREWALL_VERBOSE #允许防火墙日志
b9uo6u4s Hl"rGA> options IPFIREWALL_VERBOSE_LIMIT=100 #限制日志
@
mm*S:Gt# #yZZ$XO k options IPFIREWALL_DEFAULT_TO_ACCEPT #默认允许所有IP包
a
p-\R ZN!OM)@:! options IPDIVERT #启用由ipfw divert使用的转向IP套接字
O[Xl*9P a~YFJAkg9 7sECbbJT zHi+I7 # To make an SMP kernel, the next two are needed
BcaMeb-Z uG2(NwOL #options SMP # Symmetric MultiProcessor Kernel
+}c
'4hRv wH1E7LY|R #options APIC_IO # Symmetric (APIC) I/O
?Dro)fH1 U,"lOG' kYBTmz}z NVx`'Il8
" device isa
xQ4D| & |+Z,
7~! device eisa
iMRb`
\KH X1U7$/t device pci
q+XL,E xB{0lI !}wJ+R ^2 8[i#x|`g P_+S;(QQ~d ]#]m_+} Z # ATA and ATAPI devices
F\!;}z PT4Xr=z = device ata
JDv7jy N#{d_v^H?d device atadisk # ATA disk drives
]Po9a4w# DZ~w8v7V $Ch!]lJA lbrob' '+ :)}iWKAse 0-"ps ]X # SCSI Controllers #没有SCSI设备不需要这段
j &)Xi^^ 2%0zPflT device ahb # EISA AHA1742 family
3F2> &p|7 ?RGL0`Lg device ahc # AHA2940 and onboard AIC7xxx devices
Et@= <g *v3/8enf device ahd # AHA39320/29320 and onboard AIC79xx devices
a$Eqe_ 1\q(xka{ device amd # AMD 53C974 (Tekram DC-390(T))
"|RP_v2 yrO'15TB device isp # Qlogic family
B9|!8V !o~% F5|t device mpt # LSI-Logic MPT/Fusion
fV*x2g7w s]`&9{=E device ncr # NCR/Symbios Logic
b_-ESs]g )hj77~{+ device sym # NCR/Symbios Logic (newer chipsets)
BZEY^G @& #df options SYM_SETUP_LP_PROBE_MAP=0x40
p3 I{ qdh;zAMx # Allow ncr to attach legacy NCR devices when
,GXwi|Y 5%D:wS1 # both sym and ncr are configured
@B5@3zYs L?&+*|VxI c#nFm&}dm O_0|Q@ device adv0 at isa?
6~?7CK 3B/ GcltfM device adw
p%,:U8fOR mk_cub@ device bt0 at isa?
`x$d8(1J`# ,WA7Kp9 device aha0 at isa?
M_+&XLnzsJ S6,AY(V device aic0 at isa?
hXM8`iFW5 53P\OG^G` ('Wo#3b$ X}p#9^%N device ncv # NCR 53C500
'|&}rLr:+ tY !fO>Fn~ device nsp # Workbit Ninja SCSI-3
hLG UkG?6G Htl6Mr*{ device stg # TMC 18C30/18C50
Fwyv>U K@U"^
`G2 1qbd6D|t QE84l # SCSI peripherals #没有SCSI设备不需要这段
|M#b`g$JO, "5%G[MB device scbus # SCSI bus (required)
j(F%uUpN k#R}^Q device da # Direct Access (disks)
4ao
oBY$ D/:~#) device sa # Sequential Access (tape etc)
u /JEQz1 mm/U9hbp% device cd # CD
1QtT*{zm$F xb0hJ~e device pass # Passthrough device (direct SCSI access)
pA3j@w vi@a87w> {=IK(H I!9u](\0 ~cy/\/oO _o~<f)E[9 dG.s8r*?M kNUbH!PO # atkbdc0 controls both the keyboard and the PS/2 mouse
<%hSBDG!x tf|/_Y2 device atkbdc0 at isa? port IO_KBD
;[0<QmeI! VF!?B> device atkbd0 at atkbdc? irq 1 flags 0x1
'Fo*h6= wfM$JYfI +N"A5U 5!}xl9D device vga0 at isa?
!tCw)cou DF%\1C> @YdS_W [|d:QFx Zw| IY9D mj[PKEdkB # syscons is the default console driver, resembling an SCO console
!1C3{ Mr<2I device sc0 at isa? flags 0x100
b=:AFs{ }D xXt Y4){{bEp Wd_bDZQ 5,I'6$J
# ,u7lAz # Floating point support - do not disable.
Ul^/Dh '{\VOU device npx0 at nexus? port IO_NPX irq 13
T2Z;)e$m_ Xlw&hKS zAC gHQ[D|zu "u Xl -_
.f&l8 # Serial (COM) ports
Z8(1QU,~2 SOE#@{IXBa device sio0 at isa? port IO_COM1 flags 0x10 irq 4
Q mOG2 YM
0f_G= Um)0jT yAU[A # 我用的是8139和Dlink DFE-530TX网卡,大家可根据自己的网卡型号保留或删除
6%JKY+n^ %Xh/16X${ # 使用公共的MII总线控制器代码的PCI以太网适配器
as)2ny! u &Sj<X`^ # 注意:一定要保留'device miibus'以确保可用
p H5IBIf' xAYC%) # PCI Ethernet NICs that use the common MII bus controller code.
-\6tVF11z pB|L%#.cW # NOTE: Be sure to keep the 'device miibus' line in order to use these NICs!
'v*
=}k j.uN`cU! device miibus # MII bus support
;
@
h{-@ 5UVQ48aT device fxp # Intel EtherExpress PRO/100B (82557, 82558)
sD1L
P ^uW](2 device rl # RealTek 8129/8139
Z 7t 0=U l\-1W2 device vr # VIA Rhine, Rhine II
C.C)&&|X 9hHQWv7TgK device xl # 3Com 3c90x (``Boomerang'', ``Cyclone'')
5znLpBX<N Nb>|9nu
O $7a|
9s0 :&mYz(1q # Pseudo devices - the number indicates how many units to allocate.
lJ3/^Htn S5@/;T pseudo-device loop # Network loopback
{q~Bss{z ZwAX+0 pseudo-device ether # Ethernet support
FAjO-T4( <P'^olQ pseudo-device sl 1 # Kernel SLIP
N6c']!aM@ =$}P'[V pseudo-device ppp 1 # Kernel PPP
4;M W,`u5gbT pseudo-device tun # Packet tunnel.
F@kOj*5,[ @CP"AYB # pseudo-device pty # Pseudo-ttys (telnet etc)
GxLoNVr 3I^KJ/)A pseudo-device md # Memory "disks"
g(33h2" #E2`KGCzW pseudo-device gif # IPv6 and IPv4 tunneling
%/,PY>:| " 6~pTHT pseudo-device faith 1 # IPv6-to-IPv4 relaying (translation)
s24-X1d(9 uTpKT7t yc+#LZ~(a yv9~ # The `bpf' pseudo-device enables the Berkeley Packet Filter.
{0lY\#qcE K8pfk*NZ_@ # Be aware of the administrative consequences of enabling this!
/SY40;k: )?%FU?2jrn pseudo-device bpf #Berkeley packet filter
oIt.Pc~;'# 9;&2LT7z (完)
o$\{&:y X8ev uN H:`W\CP7_ #KXaz Zu" 我用的是8139网卡和Dlink DFE-530TX网卡,如果你用其他型号的网卡,需要察看当前目录的GENERIC 内核文件,找到描述自己的网卡型号的段并将其添加到新的内核文件里。其他的不改直接拷贝过来就可以用了。
_0)#-L>xKF Gs7mO 接下来编译安装新内核:
i`gsT[JQRX -fj;9('YJ # /usr/sbin/config kernel_wwwx #kernel_wwwx为你的内核文件名
:t(gD8 ; uw
L T$ # cd ../../compile/kernel_wwwx
>L$y|8O
UQ$dO2^ # make depend
Q# }} 1}Ja YdV5\! # make
MKJ9PcVi Ve2z= 6( # make install
Qf414 oW lT@5=ou[ 重新启动(reboot)
k)[} 3oq 8!TbJVR fm;1Iu# 90k|W> 如果系统升级过源代码树,按下面方法编译内核:
)"m FlS<I c?}C{ # cd /usr/src
\C
ZiU3 7FqmT
# make kernel KERNCONF=kernel_wwwx #kernel_wwwx为你的内核文件名
E,xCfS) NRcg~Nu 重新启动
L-Xd3RCD 'M_8U0k Y">Q16( 69cOdIt^D FreeBSD网站平台建设全过程(二、接入Internet并配制代理服务)
X-3L4@T:? ~"gOq"y5p s$C;31k yZb@ 使用adsl接入Internet有两种情况,通过拨号获取动态ip或服务商直接给定静态ip。后者配制起来较容易。本文先讨论动态ip如何设置。
m/0G=%d%k /_*: 由于第一步重新编译内核时已经加进了对Firewall的支持。这里就可以通过直接编辑/etc/ppp/ppp.conf文件和/etc/rc.conf文件就可以上网并支持NAT方式透明代理了。
<!y_L5S| [^"e~ # vi /etc/ppp/ppp.conf
<9"s&G@ vO]gj/SaT 我的ppp.conf文件内容如下:(注意set前要留空格)
^M,t`r{ ~NpnRIt default:
r4J4|&ym oMLpl3pl set log Phase tun command
*#N%3:@T WN>.+qM~8 set ifaddr 10.0.0.1/0 10.0.0.2/0
/#
0@C[9 tOnaD]J adsl: # 配置代号
t82Bp[t
1ikkm7 set device PPPoE:vr0 # vr0 改成你连接ADSL modem的网卡名
K.o?g?&< q1r\60M set mru 1492
$ n n4 Bpo~x2p set mtu 1492
~ZG>n{Q +ywWQ|V set authname username # username是拨号用户名
_=UXNr8S *:BNLM set authkey password # password是拨号密码
6@H&S QdO$,i' set dial
e Yyl=YW {EW}Wd set login
N%y%)MI 8 "9LPq add default HISADDR
?B@hCd) /PPk
p9H{ (完)
ai#EFo+# d`({z]W; 5kC#uk %m+Z rH( # vi /etc/rc.conf
dH?pQ
G`6U t 我的rc.conf文件内容如下:(动态ip)
tHJ1MDw' '?yZ,t # -- sysinstall generated deltas -- # Tue Jul 15 21:20:28 1997
;1(OC-2>d ? 1Z\=s # Created: Tue Jul 15 21:20:28 1997
7T4rx53 HFo}r~ # Enable network daemons for user convenience.
=xG9a_^v BOt\"N # Please make all changes to this file, not to /etc/defaults/rc.conf.
KgAc0pz{7H H{yPi7 P # This file now contains just the overrides from /etc/defaults/rc.conf.
dr'6N1B@ <6v7_ hostname="wwwx.3322.org" # 你的主机域名
9FWn Ta9;;B?$ ifconfig_fxp0="inet 192.168.0.1 netmask 255.255.255.0" #内网网卡ip地址,fxp0是网卡名
jVfC 4M7 , `kekc.*-[@ inetd_enable="YES" # 开机加载inetd
ZJR{c 5TE Xk7zXah kern_securelevel_enable="NO"
Aqp3amW! "T~Ps$ linux_enable="YES"
v7&$(HJ>]L S G43} nfs_reserved_port_only="NO"
r>z8DX@ _`D760q} sendmail_enable="NO"
r 9*{)" N3x}YHFF sshd_enable="YES"
mcr71j ]^ RgzK usbd_enable="NO"
JmY"Ja,& 9^c_^-8n<} gateway_enable="YES"
tH W"eag J~c]9t firewall_enable="YES" #启用防火墙
j$8~M yM\1n firewall_script="/etc/rc.firewall"
t%FS 5 ](Sp0t firewall_type="open"
ipU"|{NK FEdyh?$ firewall_quiet="YES"
&VQwuO B\<zU firewall_logging_enable="YES"
r*tGT_/6 u$a%{46 ppp_enable="YES" # 开机自动拨号
DORFK {ifYr(|p` ppp_mode="ddial"
!PQ@"L)p V}aXS;(r% ppp_nat="YES" # 启用透明代理
,l@hhaLm? d[O.UzQ ppp_profile="adsl" # 配置代号
aEL6-['( H:~LL0Md% # -- sysinstall generated deltas -- # Wed Jul 16 06:52:13 1997
fx_7B ( c\RDa|B, (完)
Z~]17{x0 (#
?~^ut ap=M$9L' )IhI~,0Nmj 这样重新启动后就可以拨号上网并实现透明代理了。客户端需要设置dns服务器为服务商提供的dns,网关设成代理服务器的内网卡ip地址,这里是192.168.0.1。并把IE中“internet选项”关于连接设置的所有复选框清除。
t`Hwq T>1E 如果解析不了域名,检查一下/etc/resolv.conf文件是否加入了正确的dns服务器地址。
sRYFu% { >4exyu6 `qr[0wM Y> 7/>x6 如果是静态ip方式,则只需要编辑/etc/rc.conf文件。
]54V9l: ^WUF3Q**OU 我的/etc/rc.conf文件如下:(静态ip)
%q:V &d6'$h:kHb # -- sysinstall generated deltas -- # Tue Jul 15 21:20:28 1997
rZzto;NDS i[FBll- # Created: Tue Jul 15 21:20:28 1997
6wxQ_Qz:Q .@xwl}o$OL # Enable network daemons for user convenience.
?BLd~L+ y]@_DL#J= # Please make all changes to this file, not to /etc/defaults/rc.conf.
Kh%9Oy 0p~:fm # This file now contains just the overrides from /etc/defaults/rc.conf.
o&X!75^G> *S<>_R 8 hostname="wwwx.3322.org" #主机域名
fxyPh sV{[~U,| defaultrouter="218.10.104.1" #服务商提供的路由器地址
rK"$@tc ,.F,]m= ifconfig_vr0="inet 218.10.104.188 netmask 255.255.255.0" #服务商提供的静态ip
0HF",:yl UT>\u ifconfig_fxp0="inet 192.168.0.1 netmask 255.255.255.0" #内部网卡ip
tn:9 e;[/ytz"d' inetd_enable="YES" #开机加载inetd
A;{8\e /FB ' kern_securelevel_enable="NO"
s8 3_Bd whRc YnJ linux_enable="YES"
8R-?x/: 9jJ&QACn
nfs_reserved_port_only="NO"
pn'*w1i bJGT^N@ sshd_enable="YES"
i7Y96] Ro?4tGn sendmail_enable="NO"
9\|3Gm_ syV&Ds) usbd_enable="NO"
ESb nh,N(t9 gateway_enable="YES"
L?0dZY-" d}IVYI firewall_enable="YES"
.GkH^9THP v{&cgod firewall_script="/etc/rc.firewall"
Z7OWpujCvN |W{z,e01x firewall_type="open"
?JtFiw 2NI3&;{4 firewall_quiet="YES"
#*?5 !QP~#a% firewall_logging_enable="YES"
R.+QK6B& /__we[$E natd_enable="YES" # 启用透明代理
k\1q Jr a?&oOQd-iP natd_interface="vr0" # natd接口,vr0为连接外网modem的网卡
C:$ l H ym<G.3%1 # -- sysinstall generated deltas -- # Wed Jul 16 06:52:13 1997
rzEE | Bd)Qz(>rw (完)
(CO8t~J= bL{wCo-Y wrw~J Rq9v+Xq2 重起后网络连接及透明代理生效。客户端同样要按上面说的方法配制。
[C/h{WPC- >8o RO zziuj s: #![b9~%WTh 使用Squid:
vU&gFEWg 3`Y Squid是一个非常不错的代理缓存软件。我曾经一直在使用,后来因为我经常要改变web服务器里的网页,而Squid总是把我以前的页面缓存,致使不能马上反映页面的更新情况,再加上公司上网的负担不是很重。所以就不用了。
H?UmHwwE ="<+^$7:k 安装方法:
;lnh;0B >\3=h8zw 在FreeBSD下安装软件最方便的方法是使用ports。本文为了让大家对通用的软件安装方法做一定的了解,我们采用通用的方法来安装squid,也就是说,下面的方法同样适用于linux或其他unix版本。
A)s t&H) :P bU(t5
[ :Uj+iYE8Z8 在ylf的用户目录下创建目录app用来存放程序安装临时文件:
B k#68p l+y/ Mq^QB # mkdir /home/ylf/app
+n9]c~g!T0 Xn9TQ"[4 将用户ylf设为/home/ylf/app目录及其子目录的所有者
FC/m,D50oI _U%!&_m6 # chown –R ylf /home/ylf/app
Cf
J@|Rh pZ%/;sxYa 到
http://www.squid-cache.org/Versions/v2/2.5/ 下载squid 的最新稳定版本,现在是squid-2.5.STABLE3
fQ'P2$ T&X*[kP 打开IE浏览器,在地址栏输入
ftp://192.168.0.1 ,出现ftp登陆对话框,输入用户名ylf及密码,登录成功后。将下载的squid-2.5.STABLE3复制到app目录中。
c_vj't ?4(uwXp 执行如下命令:
n3jA[p:
UYD(++ # cd /home/ylf/app
&ZClv"6 `lqMifD # tar zxvf squid-2.5.STABLE3.tar.gz #解压缩安装包
M
E4MZt:> /`?i&\C3r # cd squid-2.5.STABLE3 #进入解开的目录
_{TGO
jZr #/MUiV # ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/squid #配制、将squid安装在/usr/local/squid目录
Q!zg=_z- 9{^:+r # make all #编译
mc~d4<$`! 4\Mh2z5 # make install #安装
]ta]OK{s" 71mdU6Kq 下面编辑squid的配置文件:
;vc$;54K YFy5>*W # cd /usr/local/squid/etc
]SFB_5Gb yE.
ZvvQA 将原来的配置文件改名
(iIJ[{[H4) d_-{-@ # mv squid.conf squid.conf.bak
xoA\^AA M#IGq 编辑新的配置文件
?r"m*fY% /g< T)$2 # vi squid.conf
%AF~Ki IwiR2K 我的squid.conf内容如下:
K!lGo3n] s,\!@[N 3&/5!zOg) A?06fo, #取消对代理阵列的支持
S6*3."Sk .-k\Q}D icp_port 0
f5IO<(:E^ ^!3Sz1 >}\!'3)_ vClD)Ar #对日志文件和pid文件位置进行设置
#6[FGM n"Ot'1yr cache_store_log none
vq
B)PL5) ~T|?!zML cache_access_log /usr/local/squid/var/logs/access.log
~N&j6wHg# {*bXO8vi(( cache_log /usr/local/squid/var/logs/cache.log
4(B{-cK D"oyl`q emulate_httpd_log on
m,K0BL 79AOvh pid_filename /usr/local/squid/var/logs/squid.pid
X<9jBj/t >j{phZ Y .Na9&-( x>8=CiUE #设置运行时的用户和组权限
]O3[Te )f>s\T cache_effective_user squid
U-6b>< mWZoo/xtT cache_effective_group squid
R;,+0r^i _fz-fG 1 {aqceg r3<yG"J86 #设置管理信息
3rhH0{ ZY-W~p1:G visible_hostname wwwx.3322.org.
ev7Y^
s
de|t cache_mgr
yourname@yourdomain.com a02@CsH &ok2Xw sNZ{OD+ 'Pk (
1: #设置监听地址和端口
T.HS. 0&E{[~Pv http_port 3128
yeqZPzn "yxIaTZu udp_incoming_address 0.0.0.0
YQxVeS( % zHsh ^P
>; % D|}
y{~ #设置squid用户hot object的物理内存的大小以及设置cache目录
r 'wam]1Z k)oD cache_mem 32 MB
BFc=GiPnQ 02q]^3 cache_dir ufs /usr/local/squid/cache 1024 16 256
U@x5cw: 8Ih+^Y
a ,Ua`BWF HWG5Ghu8,) #访问控制设置
6|+I~zJ88 /DA'p [, acl mynet src 192.168.0.0/255.255.255.0
hdJW#,xq U@yn%k9 acl all src 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0
EH<rUv63 `?{i dg http_access allow mynet
TC;2K,.#k #9uNJla http_access deny all
9E~=/Q= @eu4W^W MX2Zm Elw fqfO #透明代理设置
BWV)>
-V t$m~O?I httpd_accel_host virtual
-\xNuU H5j6$y|I|N httpd_accel_port 80
~'k.'O{ o<Hk/e~ httpd_accel_with_proxy on
+ pTc2z 97;`R[^J httpd_accel_uses_host_header on
Ze_4MwCW qC]6g h3U| ~h |tF:]jnIt #swap 性能微调
|X@ZM _{0'3tI7 half_closed_clients off
f*U3s N^y J3`a}LyDf cache_swap_high 100%
U7i WYdt$ 5nC#<EE cache_swap_low 80%
}}L :6^ w@,Yj#_9cx maximum_object_size 1024 KB
(Ubz@s^ hq[;QF:B c&4EO| &f48MtE #控制对象的超时时间
;Qe-y|> 6Q\0v refresh_pattern -i .html 1440 90% 129600 reload-into-ims
&/o4R:i ;pn*|Bsq refresh_pattern -i .shtml 1440 90% 129600 reload-into-ims
jFS])",\i .=@xTJh refresh_pattern -i .hml 1440 90% 129600 reload-into-ims
U4`6S43ki x~3N})T5 refresh_pattern -i .gif 1440 90% 129600 reload-into-ims
vl1`s
^}R i" 0]L5=P refresh_pattern -i .swf 1440 90% 129600 reload-into-ims
APye .T;:6/??1 refresh_pattern -i .jpg 1440 90% 129600 reload-into-ims
]k0Pe;< -lICoRO# refresh_pattern -i .png 1440 90% 129600 reload-into-ims
Gs`[\<;LI R-%v?? refresh_pattern -i .bmp 1440 90% 129600 reload-into-ims
LTsX{z v/ $~ifY" refresh_pattern -i .js 1440 90% 129600 reload-into-ims
,_+Gb wg-qq4Q\ (完)
(^),G-] S(*u_ ')G,+d^ b3j?@31AD 需要改的地方是访问控制设置中的子网改成你自己的子网。其他的地方可根据需要调整。不改也可。
$qndG,([F 04o>POR 如果不使用日志,将日志设置部分改成如下句子:
K14FY2" u?Pec:3% cache_store_log none
3:H[S_q S=f:-?N| cache_access_log /dev/null
UYLCzv~W {Sl#z}@s cache_log /dev/null
,Q%q!#@
z?Hi
u6c- $G UCVxs +)J;4B 添加squid系统用户和组
19#s:nt9 .{\lbI # pw groupadd squid
nr*nX yzH(\ x # pw useradd squid -g squid -s /sbin/nologin
3haR/YN )~>
C1< 建立cache目录
d2~*fHx_! =qWcw7!" # mkdir /usr/local/squid/cache
q7#4e?1 g]$e-X@k 改变cache目录和logs目录的所有者为squid用户和组
+mu.W
r | XGj97#M # chown –R squid /usr/local/squid/cache
S1vUP5cZ -e2f8PV?3 # chgrp –R squid /usr/local/squid/cache
5I`_SOa! Yo-$Z-ud # chown –R squid /usr/local/squid/var/logs
PH1jN?OEwZ ]?un'$%e # chgrp –R squid /usr/local/squid/var/logs
>IT19(J;A UR{OrNg* 运行squid –z建立cache目录结构
[}+h86:y 6x*$/1'M3; # /usr/local/squid/sbin/squid –z
4lp90sa D*_Z"q_B uge~*S r*F^8_YMK 测试squid运行情况
xGkc_ 6 d;_} # /usr/local/squid/sbin/squid –NCd1
4{v?<x8 6?`3zdOeO 出现下面显示证明squid安装成功
O-3R#sZ0 )i^+=TZ q 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Starting Squid Cache version 2.5.STABLE3 for i386-unknown-freebsd4.7...
YqQAogyh O)FkpZc@9c 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Process ID 160
7;8DKY q F!RzF7h1 2003/06/21 18:01:09| With 957 file descriptors available
IE*5p6IM~ (ah^</ 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Performing DNS Tests...
{SRv=g Efa3{
7>{ 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Successful DNS name lookup tests...
ABIQi[A qx'F9I 2003/06/21 18:01:09| DNS Socket created at 0.0.0.0, port 1029, FD 4
#;(Q \ F'^y?UP[ 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Adding nameserver 202.97.224.68 from /etc/resolv.conf
`Q1;Y Tfytc$aQ 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Unlinkd pipe opened on FD 9
"KHe6otmi_ I9ZJ"29 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Swap maxSize 1048576 KB, estimated 80659 objects
s
+Q'\? LLV1W0VO=P 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Target number of buckets: 4032
yhsbso,5 a <)]j;Tl 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Using 8192 Store buckets
o4qB0h Ly_.%f 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Max Mem size: 32768 KB
Q2LAXTF]y xXQW|#X\ 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Max Swap size: 1048576 KB
gw^X - _8{6&AmIw 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Store logging disabled
DQy;W ov &0Bs?oq_ 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Rebuilding storage in /usr/local/squid/cache (DIRTY)
CubBD+hl* ] vQU(@+I 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Using Least Load store dir selection
JTS<n4<a 5T-CAkR{n 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Current Directory is /usr/local/squid/etc
8b|m6 6#| cs-dvpMZ 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Loaded Icons.
vO
3-B yyv<MSU8 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Accepting HTTP connections at 0.0.0.0, port 3128, FD 8.
2tMa4L%@C ~&7 *<`7{ 2003/06/21 18:01:09| WCCP Disabled.
PBY;SG~ SrT=XX, 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Ready to serve requests.
V }wh p9Y`_g` 2003/06/21 18:01:16| Done scanning /usr/local/squid/cache swaplog (0 entries)
`]$H\gNI[8 ,AuejMd 2003/06/21 18:01:16| Finished rebuilding storage from disk.
R-]i BL 'iikcf*)C 2003/06/21 18:01:16| 0 Entries scanned
+*=?0 \ rXF=/ 2003/06/21 18:01:16| 0 Invalid entries.
(@3?JJ]1 hNL_e3 2003/06/21 18:01:16| 0 With invalid flags.
J]gtgt^ ZK?:w^Z 2003/06/21 18:01:16| 0 Objects loaded.
,/Yo1@U Lv<)Dur0K 2003/06/21 18:01:16| 0 Objects expired.
_n12Wx{ FX&)~) 2003/06/21 18:01:16| 0 Objects cancelled.
p}MH LM e)Pm{:E 2003/06/21 18:01:16| 0 Duplicate URLs purged.
fK1^fzV J?[}h&otQ 2003/06/21 18:01:16| 0 Swapfile clashes avoided.
wrEYbb EWp'zbWP 2003/06/21 18:01:16| Took 7.3 seconds ( 0.0 objects/sec).
W't.e0L<6 &aWY{ ?_ 2003/06/21 18:01:16| Beginning Validation Procedure
12 S[m~L% &Tn7 2003/06/21 18:01:16| Completed Validation Procedure
40Z/;,wp{ *rmwTD" 2003/06/21 18:01:16| Validated 0 Entries
U\`yLsKvH` q,fk@GI'2 2003/06/21 18:01:16| store_swap_size = 0k
tg%C>O nTH!_S>b(Y 2003/06/21 18:01:17| storeLateRelease: released 0 object
InfUH8./t Yvxp( 否则根据提示检查配制文件。
tbq_Rg7s >YP]IQ hZDv5]V:0 gLQbA$gB 为了使squid的透明代理起作用,需要设置端口转发。方法如下:
=:pN82.G yL%k5cO$N 编辑/etc/rc.firewall文件,添加下面一句
L}.V`v{zc 5:x .< ipfw add 00500 fwd 127.0.0.1,3128 tcp from 192.168.0.0/24 to any 80
#7dM % JrVBd hLr fH[:S9@ 7).zed^ 下面建立squid的启动脚本squid.sh:
2apQ4)6#[H i'NN 首先建立/usr/local/etc/rc.d目录
:rX/ILAr n$YCIW)0 # mkdir /usr/local/etc
'P,F)*kh G[[NDK # mkdir /usr/local/etc/rc.d
^bckl
tSo pgU4>tyD # cd /usr/local/etc/rc.d
9KLhAYaq }dSxrT # vi squid.sh
J"O#w BM9 j,CMcP7A - 文件内容如下:
m[!AOln) >6cENe_@t #!/bin/sh
:fE*fU@ h|
+( K#],4OG G9uWn%5r #if ! PREFIX=$(expr $0 : "\(/.*\)/etc/rc\.d/$(basename $0)\$"); then
KqT~MPl n\D3EP<s # echo "$0: Cannot determine the PREFIX" >&2
Zjh9jvsW /DQcM.3
# exit 1
R@H}n3, ^iwM(d]#5 #fi
h8uDs|O9n J"dp?i ALY%
h!L vXi}B case "$1" in
-?Aa RwZ, m%?b"kxL[ start)
|Zo_x}0 C'$}!p70 if [ -x /usr/local/squid/sbin/squid -a -f /usr/local/squid/etc/squid.conf ]; then
B(%bBhs 8!AMRE (cd /usr/local/squid/var/logs; /usr/local/squid/sbin/squid >/dev/null 2>&1 &) ; echo -n ' squid'
p3r1lUw f{[,!VG fi
\w=7L-
8 oNV(C'A ;;
@5# RGM)5^ XT5Vo stop)
SY}iU@xo n! (g<" /usr/local/squid/sbin/squid -k shutdown 2>&1
A*:(%! |fk,&5s # Uncomment this if you'd like the system to (attempt to
@9rmm)TZ B<Ynx_95 # wait for) squid to shut down cleanly
V-(LHv 8@a|~\3- #echo "Sleeping for 45 seconds to allow squid to shutdown.."
ljrA^P,>P r6-'p0| #sleep 45
-=]LQHuQ \T_?<t,UT ;;
?JD\pYg[/ !u#o"e<qh *)
J}.y+b>8\ fV.43E echo "Usage: `basename $0` {start|stop}" >&2
6)eU &5z1? }PY?
ZG ;;
g loo].z h;KI2k_^ esac
(A*r&Ak[ V8xv@G{; $u4esg 'c<@SVF{Zz exit 0
#:68}f"$ Hvq< _&2 (完)
7=ZB;(`L1 xUD$i?3z (;T;?v`- 1LjYV 这样每次启动后,squid就会自动运行。
s geP`O% >P=xzg79 运行/usr/local/etc/rc.d/squid.sh start 启动squid
TJB0O]@3 NwG&uc+Q 运行/usr/local/etc/rc.d/squid.sh stop 停止squid
9CWUhS
o+O\VNW 8[FC *3<m<<>U 关于域名的问题
FJ}QKDQW= G<