(一、系统安装)
CR<l"~X GcuZPIN%D D#0}/ xXZN<<f59 前言
X*KT=q^?n |4vk@0L P;Ox| WlUE&=|Oz2 写本文的初衷主要是记录下我一段时间学习使用FreeBSD建设网站平台的一些经验和体会。因为本人是菜鸟,所以很多地方不够完善。本文权当给初学者提供一个具体可操作的实例。所有操作步骤都是我边做边写。避免出现遗漏或一些不必要的小错误,给初学者带来麻烦。
#Z : r xpz
Jt2S 本网站平台建设全过程包括FreeBSD系统的安装,web、ftp、mail、proxy服务器、视频点播服务器等。所有过程都在FreeBSD4.7环境下测试通过。
P}gh-5x #LiC@> 由于写本文时参考了网上太多前辈和大侠的资料,无法一一列举。还请作者原谅。
RMXP)[ ^d,d<Uc 本连载文章前后关联很紧密,建议初学者一步一步来做。
6]VTn- iYnt:C 试验环境如下:
x>cu<,e$d\ k4v[2y` 硬件环境:普通pc机,双网卡。配制不需要高,主要是稳定,并能适应长时间开机。听前辈介绍AMD k6的cpu运行FreeBSD好像有点问题。不过我没有试验。建议用intel的。
',f[y:v; c{~*\& 软件环境:操作系统:FreeBSD4.7(4.8)
*"@P2F& I,D=ixK web服务器:Apache 1.3.27+modssl +mod_php4+mod_gzip+mod_fastcgi +mod_perl +mysql3.23
'PZJ{8= Gx
m"HC ftp服务器:Proftpd1.2.7+proftpd-mod-quotatab-1.2.4+mysql
`|R{^Sk1o K\G|q}E/1 mail服务器: iceblood前辈制作的qmail安装包(经过修改)+vqregister-2.5
;6?K&}J)- rgr> ;
proxy服务器:使用FreeBSD内置的NAT和PPP拨号+squid
Wxjpe4 rlD@O~P4 视频点播服务器:Helix Universal Servevr (realserver9.01)
Ch3##- U/>5C: 网络环境:我用的是adsl动态拨号方式,因为动态ip所存在的一些问题,我把所有的服务都装在一台机器上,且这台机器要直接与外网相连。静态ip更方便一些。(本文两种方式都会讨论)
l}JVRU{ ~0L>l J E%TvGe;# i>;G4 第一步:安装系统
%llG/]q# \gdd 关于安装过程网上有很多文章,这里不作详述。仅提出几点建议供大家参考:
Z,*VRuA ; ?!sU 1、 采用最小化安装。
OX91b<A nP.d5%E 2、 安装时启用inetd,并在编辑inetd.conf文件时,把带有“ftp”的行前面的“#”号去掉。这样作是为了以后安装软件时可以用ftp上传文件。
3hkA`YSYt ]^!#0( 3、 添加一个wheel组的用户,这样在系统工作正常后可以在windows系统上通过终端登录软件(如SecureCRT)进行所有操作。FreeBSD4.7在最小安装时支持SSH终端登录,所以我们需要使用支持SSH协议的终端软件,如SecureCRT。例如我添加的用户名是ylf,隶属wheel系统组。系统产生一个用户目录/home/ylf。我可以通过SecureCRT以ylf身份登录到系统,然后通过su命令切换到root用户。同时我也可以在IE浏览器内键入
ftp://192.168.0.1 ,并输入ylf用户名和密码登录ftp将需要的文件上传到自己的用户目录里。(192.168.0.1是我的服务器连接内网的网卡ip地址)。以下除系统安装部分,我都是采用终端方式操作。
IcB>Hg5 \a<E3
< 4、 分区时将/home、/usr和/var划的大一些,因为/usr为程序目录,/var要存放日志,/home是用户主目录,我的用户文件如网页、ftp上传文件等都放在这里。还有最好保留一部分空间留作以后需要的时候用。我的机器上有2块硬盘,一快18.2G SCSI硬盘,一块40G IDE硬盘。我是这样划分的。
AK[c!mzx 52oR^| 128M /
<iMLM<J<w .fgoEB,( 20G /home
@Z)&3ss T"O! 2G /ftp
'?\Hm'8 xed$z 256M /tmp
@_;6L uaiG(O 6G /usr
PqfH}d0l ^pn:SV 5G /var
s:%>H|- NFQ0/iuW 其中/ftp是为匿名ftp用户访问专用。剩余空间留作备用。当然如果硬盘空间少的话,做我们的试验也是够用的。
l1@:&j3h =uHTpHR 关于安装方面的文章,大家也可以参考delphij写的《FreeBSD服务器的安装与优化》。
http://community.freebsdchina.org/catalog.php?forum=34 一文。
@^%# ]x,: #p^D([k
\ 安装完系统后,要重新编译内核。目的是要系统支持Firrwall和提高运行效率。
K~uoZ~_gA #N*~Q 首先确认系统是否安装了FreeBSD的内核支持。如果是最小安装,则需要运行/stand/sysinstall命令安装内核支持。方法如下:
!$j'F? 2> N7|ctO # /stand/sysinstall
6uD Nqq NS\'o
)J 选Configure—Distributions—src—sys,内核文件将被安装在/usr/src/sys目录中。
kM.zX|_ /Z^+K 注意:这之后的过程在终端上操作要方便许多。SecureCRT支持在终端界面上直接拷贝和粘贴文本内容。
Q~jUZ-qN @rE>D 转到内核文件目录
a}6Wo= [K^RC;}nV^ # cd /usr/src/sys/i386/conf
'INdZ8j_ cEe>Lyt 编辑内核文件
!aLL|}S T7[ItLZ # vi kernel_wwwx # kernel_wwwx为我的内核文件名
+ft?aB@ ALhu\x>AY 我的内核文件如下:
)AnX[:y 0 ~VniF^ #
zH.7!jeE 0 j6/H?OT # GENERIC -- Generic kernel configuration file for FreeBSD/i386
^X^4R1V) X[R/j*K #
DEs/?JZG ,2"-G";!f\ # For more information on this file, please read the handbook section on
$cjidBi`): zI&oZH^vn # Kernel Configuration Files:
U\+o$mU^ 9mr99tA #
}=NjFK_6 lV3\5AEW #
http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.IS...fig-config.html XJ.vj+XXb
<Dl7|M #
nT:ZSJWM O0e6I&u: # The handbook is also available locally in /usr/share/doc/handbook
<`BUk< uf# KATt9ox@ # if you've installed the doc distribution, otherwise always see the
7Y:1ji0l EiSS_Lc # FreeBSD World Wide Web server (
http://www.FreeBSD.org/) for the
IG
6yt Q1g@FsW&U # latest information.
-Zkl\A$> VGkwrS;+I #
phd,Jg[ 4&}LYSZl # An exhaustive list of options and more detailed explanations of the
IF<pT) SO9j/ # device lines is also present in the ./LINT configuration file. If you are
bP(xMw<'j h>9GfF3 # in doubt as to the purpose or necessity of a line, check first in LINT.
Tmqtj nKT\ /}d #
,F]Y,"x: NZ7g}+GTG # $FreeBSD: src/sys/i386/conf/GENERIC,v 1.246.2.48 2002/08/31 20:28:26 obrien Exp $
abp]qvCV `;L>[\Xi Y:XE4v/)@L HTAJn_ machine i386
(w}iEm\b [2:Q.Zj cpu I586_CPU
. _Bejh 1:(qoA: cpu I686_CPU
q#$Al 9KkxUEkW ident kernel_wwwx #内核文件名,这个要和你的内核文件名一致
Q/xT>cUd OrNi<TY> maxusers 0
~bC{R&p Yi1lvB?m ]3nka$wA* .5Sw options INET #InterNETworking
tNj-~r mII7p LbQ options FFS #Berkeley Fast Filesystem
..'k+0u^ cks53/Z options FFS_ROOT #FFS usable as root device [keep this!]
rl"$6{Z} CY"&@v1 options SOFTUPDATES #Enable FFS soft updates support
>MwjUq 78T9"CS options UFS_DIRHASH #Improve performance on big directories
_~]~ssn,1 Sc#B-4m options PROCFS #Process filesystem
kK\G+{z? N8S!&*m options COMPAT_43 #Compatible with BSD 4.3 [KEEP THIS!]
9.)*z-f$ Y">m g=B options SCSI_DELAY=15000 #Delay (in ms) before probing SCSI
w/&)mm{ dNK Q&TC options SYSVSHM #SYSV-style shared memory
Y>W$n9d&G2 o}O" options SYSVMSG #SYSV-style message queues
oe$&X& ?tx%KU\3 options SYSVSEM #SYSV-style semaphores
>U. Ad$CHx- options P1003_1B #Posix P1003_1B real-time extensions
rKxIOJ ,T
0N9`WK options _KPOSIX_PRIORITY_SCHEDULING
4IfOvAN% RrB)u? options ICMP_BANDLIM #Rate limit bad replies
qmQ}
vMG >Xb options AHC_REG_PRETTY_PRINT # Print register bitfields in debug
%c:v70*h= OI/m_xx@j # output. Adds ~128k to driver.
j=c=Pe"?u 7m='-_w)?w options AHD_REG_PRETTY_PRINT # Print register bitfields in debug
r?Q`b2Q +c'b=n9j # output. Adds ~215k to driver.
4u0\|e@a NEp
)V' gJ;jh7e@ PY.4J4nn| device tun 1
IY_u|7d IDCuS options IPFIREWALL #防火墙
k+qxx5{ F9h'.{@d options IPFIREWALL_FORWARD #允许透明代理
J5Pi"U$FkY &ed&2t`Y options IPFIREWALL_VERBOSE #允许防火墙日志
bT93R8yp ' b?' u options IPFIREWALL_VERBOSE_LIMIT=100 #限制日志
Em6P6D>S>, vl}fC@%WRI options IPFIREWALL_DEFAULT_TO_ACCEPT #默认允许所有IP包
TEB<ia3+ bzj9U>eY options IPDIVERT #启用由ipfw divert使用的转向IP套接字
cl2+,!: TgC8EcLr a*
2*aH7 j`H5S # To make an SMP kernel, the next two are needed
e
*9c33 *49({TD6` #options SMP # Symmetric MultiProcessor Kernel
{9mXJu$cc MC\rx=cR\ #options APIC_IO # Symmetric (APIC) I/O
m 0jm$>:Z F"I{_yleq' -O&u;kh4g V%|CCrR device isa
<d*;d3gm &ZyZmB device eisa
8nV#\J9 x&^>|'H device pci
*,x-}%X d;:H#F+ ( MawWgd* XHN*'@
77; $!Qv f WF#3'"I # ATA and ATAPI devices
yLFZo"r BIJlU(aF device ata
3$ 'eDa[ g#W/WKvM device atadisk # ATA disk drives
XEX."y (v/mKG yg &Hl*Eg
f yW@0Q: N*mm[F2+F O4c[,Uq8~ # SCSI Controllers #没有SCSI设备不需要这段
85{2TXQ^%= Nd;)V device ahb # EISA AHA1742 family
lhk=yVG3 8?yRa{'" device ahc # AHA2940 and onboard AIC7xxx devices
xbTvv>'U B me_# device ahd # AHA39320/29320 and onboard AIC79xx devices
?v5OUmFM OCX>LK!K device amd # AMD 53C974 (Tekram DC-390(T))
J`I^F:y* !PySYY device isp # Qlogic family
LvM;ZfAEv 0aWy!d device mpt # LSI-Logic MPT/Fusion
BI|BfO%F$j 1K&_t device ncr # NCR/Symbios Logic
N'5AU ( t%k1=Ow5i device sym # NCR/Symbios Logic (newer chipsets)
(9!/bX< Q:v9C ^7 options SYM_SETUP_LP_PROBE_MAP=0x40
M= ]]kJ:I s3Wjg # Allow ncr to attach legacy NCR devices when
9y$"[d27;+ U??T> # both sym and ncr are configured
~ZxFL$<'3 )8,) &F Sd9%tO9mf (>)f#t[9J device adv0 at isa?
7^hwRZJ{ Y%GIKtP device adw
fR^aFT :nLhg$wMs device bt0 at isa?
Yw!(]8PYdU 1woBw>g device aha0 at isa?
{hRM=f7 Fv!KLw@
device aic0 at isa?
USDqh437 mh$ Nwr/W: `@tnEg 3;E,B7,mQ device ncv # NCR 53C500
fGf C[DuY \9Yc2$dY device nsp # Workbit Ninja SCSI-3
GEd JB= e/J|wM9Ak device stg # TMC 18C30/18C50
h%=>iQ%enc jmkVolz ~N!-4-~p WGC'k
s ^ # SCSI peripherals #没有SCSI设备不需要这段
S-Z s
K}KgCJ3 device scbus # SCSI bus (required)
^1}Y=!& *z3wm-z1& device da # Direct Access (disks)
_oU}>5 k6(9Rw8bCk device sa # Sequential Access (tape etc)
4UV6'X)V S!J wF&EW device cd # CD
\J?l7mG ]A.tauSW device pass # Passthrough device (direct SCSI access)
ohW
qp2~ L2WH-XP= 9{(A- m1\+~*i ;Q{~jT zEJZ, < FHv^^u'@ P_y8[Y]? # atkbdc0 controls both the keyboard and the PS/2 mouse
=)O%5<Lwx Y5&mJp\G device atkbdc0 at isa? port IO_KBD
o)U4RY* H%&e[PU device atkbd0 at atkbdc? irq 1 flags 0x1
24; BY' gQ8FjL6? 4r+s"
| I}!ErV device vga0 at isa?
E4;@P']` :,~]R,tJQ 7wA.:$ xn BL{
[] O)EA2`)E Ug~]!L # syscons is the default console driver, resembling an SCO console
m,1Hlp W6y-~ device sc0 at isa? flags 0x100
um}%<Cy[ ~MZEAY9 ka UEv\T dPx{9Y<FzU #|ILeby na)-' # Floating point support - do not disable.
li j>u l+!eC
lM% device npx0 at nexus? port IO_NPX irq 13
fk)5TPc^ EW}7T3g tOEY| mcgkNED lq[o2\ UFOUkS
F # Serial (COM) ports
#@^mA{Dt5 m&&Y=2 device sio0 at isa? port IO_COM1 flags 0x10 irq 4
L3s1a -K o)}M$}4 X
8#Uk} / q wd7vYBc, # 我用的是8139和Dlink DFE-530TX网卡,大家可根据自己的网卡型号保留或删除
ROWrkJI>i {!]7=K)W9 # 使用公共的MII总线控制器代码的PCI以太网适配器
g)/#gyT4Y }r _d{nhi # 注意:一定要保留'device miibus'以确保可用
a* GiLq vk>EFm8l # PCI Ethernet NICs that use the common MII bus controller code.
[)S7`K; 5k]xi)% # NOTE: Be sure to keep the 'device miibus' line in order to use these NICs!
eX0ASI9 1v2pPUH\ device miibus # MII bus support
zc4l{+3 6%Ws>H4@| device fxp # Intel EtherExpress PRO/100B (82557, 82558)
"%[a Wb N{<9Njmm device rl # RealTek 8129/8139
I4RUXi 5
|vVcO device vr # VIA Rhine, Rhine II
M tD{/.D> Ak=|wY{ device xl # 3Com 3c90x (``Boomerang'', ``Cyclone'')
Q}(D^rGP3 ;"T,3JQPn6 7!kbe2/]' t,4'\nv* # Pseudo devices - the number indicates how many units to allocate.
Of?3|I3 l 'qt+.vd pseudo-device loop # Network loopback
sQ05wAv A!bH0=<I pseudo-device ether # Ethernet support
&E +2 pGHn pseudo-device sl 1 # Kernel SLIP
L32 [IL| 6f^q >YP pseudo-device ppp 1 # Kernel PPP
3H_%2V6#V1 |on$)vm pseudo-device tun # Packet tunnel.
9&VfbrBM Du7DMo=l pseudo-device pty # Pseudo-ttys (telnet etc)
o+F]80CH )Co&(;zf pseudo-device md # Memory "disks"
f0Zn31c^ \-eDNwJ:#@ pseudo-device gif # IPv6 and IPv4 tunneling
?x-:JME0 {DVu* %| pseudo-device faith 1 # IPv6-to-IPv4 relaying (translation)
H7&bUt/ 9u%S<F" lAZn0EU Pko2fJt1 # The `bpf' pseudo-device enables the Berkeley Packet Filter.
J*}Qnl + ?loP18S
b # Be aware of the administrative consequences of enabling this!
2Ysl|xRo ZBcT@hxm pseudo-device bpf #Berkeley packet filter
@b2JR^ -ZKo/N>6} (完)
*B ]5K{N s>+,u7EV >||=# ; +w(>UBy- 我用的是8139网卡和Dlink DFE-530TX网卡,如果你用其他型号的网卡,需要察看当前目录的GENERIC 内核文件,找到描述自己的网卡型号的段并将其添加到新的内核文件里。其他的不改直接拷贝过来就可以用了。
aH(B}wh{ GL-r;
接下来编译安装新内核:
P{tH4V23T 1,pg7L8H # /usr/sbin/config kernel_wwwx #kernel_wwwx为你的内核文件名
;VlA~tv Sru}0M#M # cd ../../compile/kernel_wwwx
B$)&;Q B!iz=+RNC1 # make depend
)HPe}(ypt Y-vLEIX= # make
R[Y{pT,AY L-V+ `![{ # make install
ZL{\M|@jz ,- FC 重新启动(reboot)
IN#Z(FMVC X@cO`P 2F-
]0kGR| ^9wQl!e
ob 如果系统升级过源代码树,按下面方法编译内核:
8/oO}SLF l:?w{'i$ # cd /usr/src
gxf{/EjH B+Ox#[<75 # make kernel KERNCONF=kernel_wwwx #kernel_wwwx为你的内核文件名
C_q@ixF{ B4d\4S_r% 重新启动
NL7CeHs5 _Vl22'wl t;2\(_A %M
KZ':m FreeBSD网站平台建设全过程(二、接入Internet并配制代理服务)
p%?m|(4f //W7$DYEG 1GA$nFBVC F9\T< 使用adsl接入Internet有两种情况,通过拨号获取动态ip或服务商直接给定静态ip。后者配制起来较容易。本文先讨论动态ip如何设置。
m.0:R ,rZp(moj 由于第一步重新编译内核时已经加进了对Firewall的支持。这里就可以通过直接编辑/etc/ppp/ppp.conf文件和/etc/rc.conf文件就可以上网并支持NAT方式透明代理了。
!caY )~CnDk}^R # vi /etc/ppp/ppp.conf
jXCSD@?]K {=)g?!zC 我的ppp.conf文件内容如下:(注意set前要留空格)
:,]*~Nl t=B>t S.hO default:
}63Qh}_Y QW[
gDc set log Phase tun command
I&lb5'6D ^w1&A3=6 set ifaddr 10.0.0.1/0 10.0.0.2/0
`of`u B i=mk#.j~ adsl: # 配置代号
WPnw ay-M.J set device PPPoE:vr0 # vr0 改成你连接ADSL modem的网卡名
Rz\:)<G (|kcSnF0 set mru 1492
~n<U8cm O x;;
= +)Gg set mtu 1492
_t'S<jTI qS.TVNZ set authname username # username是拨号用户名
34e>R?J E!_mXjlPc set authkey password # password是拨号密码
+T|M U >3\($<YDZM set dial
_RI!Z 07FS|>DM'Z set login
0! 6n aUVJ\;V add default HISADDR
^}>Ie03m50 v0|[w2Q2 (完)
ecg>_%.> k.MAX8 MfJ8+3@K N u]&? # vi /etc/rc.conf
X_tc\}I] F!yr};@^p 我的rc.conf文件内容如下:(动态ip)
Q3OGU} F |yT-N3H@ # -- sysinstall generated deltas -- # Tue Jul 15 21:20:28 1997
AXmW7/Sj" ,-[e{=Cz # Created: Tue Jul 15 21:20:28 1997
#Y9'n0 AL qT}AY.O%^ # Enable network daemons for user convenience.
g82_KUkB CRKuN # Please make all changes to this file, not to /etc/defaults/rc.conf.
w!8xZu FK ~FC:K # This file now contains just the overrides from /etc/defaults/rc.conf.
J#OiY
JxlU=7cF hostname="wwwx.3322.org" # 你的主机域名
1>wQ&{ g~#HiBgWq[ ifconfig_fxp0="inet 192.168.0.1 netmask 255.255.255.0" #内网网卡ip地址,fxp0是网卡名
=:~%$5[[ }g@5%DI] inetd_enable="YES" # 开机加载inetd
yv&VK ht sb^%eUU]) kern_securelevel_enable="NO"
N%:)M T,&g U!xOJ linux_enable="YES"
nS`DI92I N=hhuKt] nfs_reserved_port_only="NO"
n@
rphJb oI/jGyY; sendmail_enable="NO"
LEJ8 .z6$ 9"%ot=) sshd_enable="YES"
[
S_8;j T+9#& usbd_enable="NO"
=Y;w O8 &Fxw19[G gateway_enable="YES"
/ZcqKC
:% o32 firewall_enable="YES" #启用防火墙
`_*NFv1_ `tZ-8f firewall_script="/etc/rc.firewall"
_t+.I9kQ "h >B`S firewall_type="open"
`VB]4i}u EoOB0zo}Y+ firewall_quiet="YES"
)X
dpzWod }>|!Mf]W?R firewall_logging_enable="YES"
beN(7jo Q8^fgI | ppp_enable="YES" # 开机自动拨号
_#2AdhCu Q,1TD2)h ppp_mode="ddial"
x<-n}VK\
equTKM ppp_nat="YES" # 启用透明代理
8T2iqqG/1 Q:/BC= ~ ppp_profile="adsl" # 配置代号
2G4OK7x $cUTe # -- sysinstall generated deltas -- # Wed Jul 16 06:52:13 1997
/N'|Vs,X l_`DQ8L` (完)
>#jfZ5t R"0fZENTG 9*"Ae0ok1 YH%aPsi 这样重新启动后就可以拨号上网并实现透明代理了。客户端需要设置dns服务器为服务商提供的dns,网关设成代理服务器的内网卡ip地址,这里是192.168.0.1。并把IE中“internet选项”关于连接设置的所有复选框清除。
T9,T'y>BD oK! W<# 如果解析不了域名,检查一下/etc/resolv.conf文件是否加入了正确的dns服务器地址。
zURob MpE# P<1ZpL }/{G BRu/pyxG 如果是静态ip方式,则只需要编辑/etc/rc.conf文件。
mF|7:zSo .^Z^L F 我的/etc/rc.conf文件如下:(静态ip)
.gPXW=r XKTX~: # -- sysinstall generated deltas -- # Tue Jul 15 21:20:28 1997
0i4X,oHjG ?'I[[KuG # Created: Tue Jul 15 21:20:28 1997
i5QG_^X& gp/_# QVWC # Enable network daemons for user convenience.
8LH"j(H kN99( # Please make all changes to this file, not to /etc/defaults/rc.conf.
BWd{xP y
PN$vBFjm # This file now contains just the overrides from /etc/defaults/rc.conf.
0A7 qO1%xw 0d%p<c hostname="wwwx.3322.org" #主机域名
~MOab e Rp!R&U/ defaultrouter="218.10.104.1" #服务商提供的路由器地址
e!:/enQo [^U#ic>cT ifconfig_vr0="inet 218.10.104.188 netmask 255.255.255.0" #服务商提供的静态ip
%kcyE<c vXio /m ifconfig_fxp0="inet 192.168.0.1 netmask 255.255.255.0" #内部网卡ip
6axDuwQ Ckelr inetd_enable="YES" #开机加载inetd
7i,Z c] kCq]#e~wq kern_securelevel_enable="NO"
&vy/Vd Bx>)i8P7i0 linux_enable="YES"
"HuV' !E0zj9 [ R nfs_reserved_port_only="NO"
-}h+hS50F vw'`t6 sshd_enable="YES"
?-"%%# n$ri:~s sendmail_enable="NO"
RuW62QSq h7EKb-@ usbd_enable="NO"
2rr}5i)r| {APsi7HYBr gateway_enable="YES"
m
_0D^e7# v0ngM)^q firewall_enable="YES"
b0~AN#Es N<xf=a+j firewall_script="/etc/rc.firewall"
o9l =Q 6 +:Tv2 firewall_type="open"
RawK9K_1 1>doa1 firewall_quiet="YES"
x}w"2[fL '}`|QJ firewall_logging_enable="YES"
V
ifQ@ /<HEcB natd_enable="YES" # 启用透明代理
Y[A`r0 =s2dD3Fr| natd_interface="vr0" # natd接口,vr0为连接外网modem的网卡
78s:~|WB<{ d" "GG/ # -- sysinstall generated deltas -- # Wed Jul 16 06:52:13 1997
IQZBH2R ]aqHk (完)
Qo4+=^( q;))3aQe jf&LSK;2 {L!w/Ie X 重起后网络连接及透明代理生效。客户端同样要按上面说的方法配制。
j4au
Zl]NF m"2KAq61 PgKA>50a iXN7+QO) 使用Squid:
[w%MECTe 8-N8v
*0 Squid是一个非常不错的代理缓存软件。我曾经一直在使用,后来因为我经常要改变web服务器里的网页,而Squid总是把我以前的页面缓存,致使不能马上反映页面的更新情况,再加上公司上网的负担不是很重。所以就不用了。
RaKfYLw Q9lw~" 安装方法:
k~(j I[~EQ{Iz 在FreeBSD下安装软件最方便的方法是使用ports。本文为了让大家对通用的软件安装方法做一定的了解,我们采用通用的方法来安装squid,也就是说,下面的方法同样适用于linux或其他unix版本。
6AZJ,Q\E@ ]7QRelMiz+ !bnuC c idm!6] 在ylf的用户目录下创建目录app用来存放程序安装临时文件:
)\:cL GM
`ym@U(;N # mkdir /home/ylf/app
O1@-)<_71 %!r>]M < 将用户ylf设为/home/ylf/app目录及其子目录的所有者
#?xhfSgr RLypWjMx$ # chown –R ylf /home/ylf/app
FuOP+r!H Lx-ofN\ 到
http://www.squid-cache.org/Versions/v2/2.5/ 下载squid 的最新稳定版本,现在是squid-2.5.STABLE3
05(lh<C \#(cI 打开IE浏览器,在地址栏输入
ftp://192.168.0.1 ,出现ftp登陆对话框,输入用户名ylf及密码,登录成功后。将下载的squid-2.5.STABLE3复制到app目录中。
;&2J9 n7RswX 执行如下命令:
`?Pk~7 Y$%/H"1bk # cd /home/ylf/app
*E<%db C2 Ni$WI{e9 # tar zxvf squid-2.5.STABLE3.tar.gz #解压缩安装包
YfC1.8 P@Wi^svj # cd squid-2.5.STABLE3 #进入解开的目录
UTEUVcJ\ w_po5[]R # ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/squid #配制、将squid安装在/usr/local/squid目录
|kvom 4 T }]pq&v! # make all #编译
"_qH+=_R wVvk{tS # make install #安装
pV:c`1\` d}K"dr:W5 下面编辑squid的配置文件:
SRl:+!@. |-N\?N9" # cd /usr/local/squid/etc
&zsaVm8 K2T&U$, 将原来的配置文件改名
*p;Fwj] 1}e1:m]r # mv squid.conf squid.conf.bak
XqVhC): 6i/x"vl> 编辑新的配置文件
~X^L3=!vf :)v4:&do # vi squid.conf
V#?GDe}[ r;`6ML[5Vx 我的squid.conf内容如下:
;d1\2H O:fv1 4@PH5z bk E4{P" #取消对代理阵列的支持
}2Y:#{m &pS <4 icp_port 0
fX).A` \ajy%$;$} L]L-000D( -LL49P6 #对日志文件和pid文件位置进行设置
\|Pp%U [ (W3~r cache_store_log none
.jRp.U etdI:N*x cache_access_log /usr/local/squid/var/logs/access.log
UQ#"^`=R< O/^7TBTn<r cache_log /usr/local/squid/var/logs/cache.log
75~>[JM ffK A emulate_httpd_log on
x^kV;^ I 5V&3m@d0aq pid_filename /usr/local/squid/var/logs/squid.pid
<syMrXk)R( SwV{t}I 'qS&7
W( 3]BK*OqJ #设置运行时的用户和组权限
X
cmR/+ gF;i3OJg cache_effective_user squid
n7`R+4/s !es?GJq` cache_effective_group squid
M]YK]VyG Z@fMU2e=Z 2xvTijO0 q"OvuHBSOn #设置管理信息
G2Eke; yTWP1 visible_hostname wwwx.3322.org.
)Xxu-/- hjywYd]8 cache_mgr
yourname@yourdomain.com
DjK:) lz.ta!6 MXsSF|- N;ed_! #设置监听地址和端口
[(U:1&x& X>^St&B}fC http_port 3128
X4LU/f<f iJE
$3 udp_incoming_address 0.0.0.0
VdpwZ g$<Sh.4A Md_S};!QN6 v'(p."g #设置squid用户hot object的物理内存的大小以及设置cache目录
n>?o=_|uR wP.b2X_V cache_mem 32 MB
G9ku(2cq 6('2.^8 cache_dir ufs /usr/local/squid/cache 1024 16 256
?zW4|0 Vo^
i7 Pu dIb|V2 ,h,DB=!K< #访问控制设置
/1ZRjf^ (LzVWz m acl mynet src 192.168.0.0/255.255.255.0
v0)I rO _]btsv\)f acl all src 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0
`,|"rn#S [%'yHb~< http_access allow mynet
Eb66GXF[ 5[3vup? http_access deny all
a"gZw9m@ H1iewsfzH U_ELeW5@ 555j@ #透明代理设置
NO5\|.,Z KECo7i= e httpd_accel_host virtual
&5:83#*Oj qScc~i Oq httpd_accel_port 80
9<BC6M_/ P%MYr"<$E httpd_accel_with_proxy on
JGl0
(i*| ha+)ZF httpd_accel_uses_host_header on
D?ojxHe +VxzWNs*JP |P!7T. P%w)*); #swap 性能微调
J{fTx@?( 7.Df2_) half_closed_clients off
.YYfba#{
,@1rP 55 cache_swap_high 100%
ZoJ_I
>uv <4r3ZV;' cache_swap_low 80%
E(]39B"i }pqnF53 maximum_object_size 1024 KB
F(+,M~ _p0@1 s(U SVKjhZK bzYj`t? #控制对象的超时时间
LYY3*d 9yla &XTD refresh_pattern -i .html 1440 90% 129600 reload-into-ims
%
NSb8@ X@;;
h refresh_pattern -i .shtml 1440 90% 129600 reload-into-ims
oPP`)b$x G`1!SEae refresh_pattern -i .hml 1440 90% 129600 reload-into-ims
66ULR&D8 =^a Ngq refresh_pattern -i .gif 1440 90% 129600 reload-into-ims
kucH=96 r{oRN refresh_pattern -i .swf 1440 90% 129600 reload-into-ims
*?Hc8y-dG, aY:u-1 refresh_pattern -i .jpg 1440 90% 129600 reload-into-ims
5dwC~vn}c 'x/pV5[hQ refresh_pattern -i .png 1440 90% 129600 reload-into-ims
KV&4Ep# 7dxTyn= refresh_pattern -i .bmp 1440 90% 129600 reload-into-ims
PydU.,^7 rjk{9u1a" refresh_pattern -i .js 1440 90% 129600 reload-into-ims
u*n%cXY;J/ ;5S'?fj (完)
Q8d-yJs& '0ks`a4q hbfN1"z mO#62e4C 需要改的地方是访问控制设置中的子网改成你自己的子网。其他的地方可根据需要调整。不改也可。
l-/fFy)T lqaOLZH 如果不使用日志,将日志设置部分改成如下句子:
$)or{Z$& nulLK28q cache_store_log none
_m0B6?KJ |azdFf6A:[ cache_access_log /dev/null
C?OqS+ !i4/#H cache_log /dev/null
Lp1\vfU<+ I(rZ(|^A u9c^:Op 8&q[jxI@8 添加squid系统用户和组
<PMQ$s>KK fX:=_c # pw groupadd squid
Pi/V3D)B kH4xP3. i
# pw useradd squid -g squid -s /sbin/nologin
P:8qmDXo cmcR@zv 建立cache目录
"+dByaY -K%hug
# mkdir /usr/local/squid/cache
1iLrKA e-E0Bp 改变cache目录和logs目录的所有者为squid用户和组
~7;AV(\%e [N=v=J9 # chown –R squid /usr/local/squid/cache
8?l/x yq6Gyoi< # chgrp –R squid /usr/local/squid/cache
7cMHzhk^ m7$t$/g # chown –R squid /usr/local/squid/var/logs
Gf<f#.5y
, Ea<kc[Q # chgrp –R squid /usr/local/squid/var/logs
,SV34+( !pJd^|4A] 运行squid –z建立cache目录结构
?"@`SEdnU2 _48@o^{ # /usr/local/squid/sbin/squid –z
zm~sq_=^ |~]@hs~ k]"DsN$ ][?@)) 测试squid运行情况
d,XNok{ k=&UV!J # /usr/local/squid/sbin/squid –NCd1
K| w\KX0 07
E9[U[ 出现下面显示证明squid安装成功
d_] sV4[ OAiSE` 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Starting Squid Cache version 2.5.STABLE3 for i386-unknown-freebsd4.7...
v$d^>+Y# gt \O 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Process ID 160
wg}rMJoG| 4
Q<c I2| 2003/06/21 18:01:09| With 957 file descriptors available
wAA9M4 is6M{K3 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Performing DNS Tests...
JqTR4[`Z\ Dkyw3*LCn% 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Successful DNS name lookup tests...
;N?raz2mEi @3v[L<S{ 2003/06/21 18:01:09| DNS Socket created at 0.0.0.0, port 1029, FD 4
sZh| <2 lHI?GiB@ 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Adding nameserver 202.97.224.68 from /etc/resolv.conf
Y'U]!c9 n4A#T#D!t3 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Unlinkd pipe opened on FD 9
s`dwE*~ 9D`p2cO 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Swap maxSize 1048576 KB, estimated 80659 objects
YZ(tjIgQ ,t|qhJF 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Target number of buckets: 4032
Lk`,mjhk ~!7!Y~(+ 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Using 8192 Store buckets
bNh~=[E ]w/%> 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Max Mem size: 32768 KB
P. Gmj; g;-6Hg' 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Max Swap size: 1048576 KB
w:3CWF4q] OhW o 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Store logging disabled
L|y9T{s *-,jIaL; 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Rebuilding storage in /usr/local/squid/cache (DIRTY)
H$)__V5I,q "QLp%B,A 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Using Least Load store dir selection
#>_5PdO ?Zh,W(7W 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Current Directory is /usr/local/squid/etc
XY)I ~6$Y IfzW%UL 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Loaded Icons.
=@*P})w5. E oh{+>:6 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Accepting HTTP connections at 0.0.0.0, port 3128, FD 8.
q Oyo+hu "?Yf3G: \0 2003/06/21 18:01:09| WCCP Disabled.
*wl&Zzx #-7m@EU;O 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Ready to serve requests.
b{(= C
3 pT<}n 9yB5 2003/06/21 18:01:16| Done scanning /usr/local/squid/cache swaplog (0 entries)
g$T%
C? HLb`'TC3r+ 2003/06/21 18:01:16| Finished rebuilding storage from disk.
|_u|Td(n m
?#WQf 2003/06/21 18:01:16| 0 Entries scanned
Jq8:33s 20`QA
u)' 2003/06/21 18:01:16| 0 Invalid entries.
Lgrpy Sej(jJX1 2003/06/21 18:01:16| 0 With invalid flags.
8T"8C @$R^-_m 2003/06/21 18:01:16| 0 Objects loaded.
\rSofn#c p"|0PlW 2003/06/21 18:01:16| 0 Objects expired.
?F^O7\rw $0,lE+7* 2003/06/21 18:01:16| 0 Objects cancelled.
~vV+)KI F-GrQd:O= 2003/06/21 18:01:16| 0 Duplicate URLs purged.
a"!r]=r [WUd9fUL 2003/06/21 18:01:16| 0 Swapfile clashes avoided.
z+{Q(8'b] v<:/u(i 2003/06/21 18:01:16| Took 7.3 seconds ( 0.0 objects/sec).
%ou@Y` <G /a-Z 2003/06/21 18:01:16| Beginning Validation Procedure
cIQe^C
3Bbd2[<W 2003/06/21 18:01:16| Completed Validation Procedure
n0vhc; d ={B?hjo<- 2003/06/21 18:01:16| Validated 0 Entries
W/G75o~6 PNRZUZ4Z| 2003/06/21 18:01:16| store_swap_size = 0k
@,;VMO KvNw'3Ua 2003/06/21 18:01:17| storeLateRelease: released 0 object
i'MpS V!zU4!@qP 否则根据提示检查配制文件。
m/p:W/0L 'M=V{.8U r%FfJM@! l5<&pb#b 为了使squid的透明代理起作用,需要设置端口转发。方法如下:
qMmhVUx tE]Y=x[Ux 编辑/etc/rc.firewall文件,添加下面一句
xi}3)5 NU(YllPB ipfw add 00500 fwd 127.0.0.1,3128 tcp from 192.168.0.0/24 to any 80
d_)VeuE2 =@s {H + DpvMY94Qh %3es+A@ 下面建立squid的启动脚本squid.sh:
J?oEzf;M C7_nA:Rc 首先建立/usr/local/etc/rc.d目录
|`Q2K9'4bL dH~i # mkdir /usr/local/etc
[w?v !8l uU!}/mbo # mkdir /usr/local/etc/rc.d
}]+k NflRNu:- # cd /usr/local/etc/rc.d
9PWqoz2c 2SJ|$VsLaE # vi squid.sh
JB9s#` nD}CQ_C 文件内容如下:
pg/SYEvsV O =\`q6l #!/bin/sh
VL/KC-6 gi
JjE gmdA1$c VdF<#(X+ #if ! PREFIX=$(expr $0 : "\(/.*\)/etc/rc\.d/$(basename $0)\$"); then
i?]`9 z }q=uI` # echo "$0: Cannot determine the PREFIX" >&2
#8i9@w
)5Ofr-Y # exit 1
ldRisL +J
<<me4 #fi
4C`p`AQqpQ UUDZ 1aS66TS3 Vy@0Got5= case "$1" in
W7?f_E\>W I2e@_[
1 start)
jI45X22j .aD=d\ if [ -x /usr/local/squid/sbin/squid -a -f /usr/local/squid/etc/squid.conf ]; then
905Lk>rB >m4HCs> (cd /usr/local/squid/var/logs; /usr/local/squid/sbin/squid >/dev/null 2>&1 &) ; echo -n ' squid'
l]F)]>AE YTV|]xpR fi
%%^by llRQxk ;;
\!s0H_RJY hg+0!DVx stop)
OJXK]dZ ySNXjH
Q= /usr/local/squid/sbin/squid -k shutdown 2>&1
cp L ' ]Aa.= # Uncomment this if you'd like the system to (attempt to
'I5~<"E baz~luM # wait for) squid to shut down cleanly
/tu\q {]3Rk #echo "Sleeping for 45 seconds to allow squid to shutdown.."
~s-"u
*> IpKpj"eoLy #sleep 45
JXk<t5@D lvk
r2Meu< ;;
fe+2U|y 7R=A]@ *)
?f4jqF~Fh G\/7V L echo "Usage: `basename $0` {start|stop}" >&2
MRa
|<yK 1D2Yued ;;
,&0iFUwN_ UCI !>G esac
`m=u2kxY 'h{| ] :{M1]0NH "Is0:au+?} exit 0
S|/Za".Gr /=~o|-n8@ (完)
97MbyEE8J ">!<