(一、系统安装)
O u{|o0 ; DI"9 G)7J$4R hmtDw,j 前言
!9=Y(rb 6E:5w9_=c r Ww.(l 7, :l\t 写本文的初衷主要是记录下我一段时间学习使用FreeBSD建设网站平台的一些经验和体会。因为本人是菜鸟,所以很多地方不够完善。本文权当给初学者提供一个具体可操作的实例。所有操作步骤都是我边做边写。避免出现遗漏或一些不必要的小错误,给初学者带来麻烦。
:N:e3$c BKW%/y" 本网站平台建设全过程包括FreeBSD系统的安装,web、ftp、mail、proxy服务器、视频点播服务器等。所有过程都在FreeBSD4.7环境下测试通过。
S L~5[f Z4PAdT 由于写本文时参考了网上太多前辈和大侠的资料,无法一一列举。还请作者原谅。
g+u5u\k KU;m.{ 本连载文章前后关联很紧密,建议初学者一步一步来做。
unkA%x{W; X0%BE! 试验环境如下:
Z-z(SKL &d[% 硬件环境:普通pc机,双网卡。配制不需要高,主要是稳定,并能适应长时间开机。听前辈介绍AMD k6的cpu运行FreeBSD好像有点问题。不过我没有试验。建议用intel的。
3+:uV ltXGm)+ 软件环境:操作系统:FreeBSD4.7(4.8)
=D?{d{JT HlX 2:\\ web服务器:Apache 1.3.27+modssl +mod_php4+mod_gzip+mod_fastcgi +mod_perl +mysql3.23
v|YJ2q?19 7o`pNcabtz ftp服务器:Proftpd1.2.7+proftpd-mod-quotatab-1.2.4+mysql
PAy7b7m~B .h;X5q1 mail服务器: iceblood前辈制作的qmail安装包(经过修改)+vqregister-2.5
<p8>"~R 4 !M6RL8{ proxy服务器:使用FreeBSD内置的NAT和PPP拨号+squid
F}_Zh9/$( 8HH\wu$$e 视频点播服务器:Helix Universal Servevr (realserver9.01)
_jrkR
n1 " 4fdO Ow 网络环境:我用的是adsl动态拨号方式,因为动态ip所存在的一些问题,我把所有的服务都装在一台机器上,且这台机器要直接与外网相连。静态ip更方便一些。(本文两种方式都会讨论)
x9H
qc9q Gjf1Ba %{";RfSVX% ,koG*sn 第一步:安装系统
l`RFi)u~& :<E\&6# oC 关于安装过程网上有很多文章,这里不作详述。仅提出几点建议供大家参考:
L~L]MC& M%FKg/ 1、 采用最小化安装。
m}fY5r<<;/ t)*A# 2、 安装时启用inetd,并在编辑inetd.conf文件时,把带有“ftp”的行前面的“#”号去掉。这样作是为了以后安装软件时可以用ftp上传文件。
{]:B80I;2 ^]?Yd )v 3、 添加一个wheel组的用户,这样在系统工作正常后可以在windows系统上通过终端登录软件(如SecureCRT)进行所有操作。FreeBSD4.7在最小安装时支持SSH终端登录,所以我们需要使用支持SSH协议的终端软件,如SecureCRT。例如我添加的用户名是ylf,隶属wheel系统组。系统产生一个用户目录/home/ylf。我可以通过SecureCRT以ylf身份登录到系统,然后通过su命令切换到root用户。同时我也可以在IE浏览器内键入
ftp://192.168.0.1 ,并输入ylf用户名和密码登录ftp将需要的文件上传到自己的用户目录里。(192.168.0.1是我的服务器连接内网的网卡ip地址)。以下除系统安装部分,我都是采用终端方式操作。
kZvh<NFh_ J~rjI24 4、 分区时将/home、/usr和/var划的大一些,因为/usr为程序目录,/var要存放日志,/home是用户主目录,我的用户文件如网页、ftp上传文件等都放在这里。还有最好保留一部分空间留作以后需要的时候用。我的机器上有2块硬盘,一快18.2G SCSI硬盘,一块40G IDE硬盘。我是这样划分的。
#+PfrS= 82Nw6om6i 128M /
08E ,U 5%(xZ
6 20G /home
B?<Z(d7 OL$^7FB 2G /ftp
fsVr<m u&ozc 256M /tmp
2HJGp+H Z~Z+Yt;,9a 6G /usr
O(f&0h
! |m>n4-5QL 5G /var
{:d9q cK+y3`.0 其中/ftp是为匿名ftp用户访问专用。剩余空间留作备用。当然如果硬盘空间少的话,做我们的试验也是够用的。
]%/a'[ "J6aU 关于安装方面的文章,大家也可以参考delphij写的《FreeBSD服务器的安装与优化》。
http://community.freebsdchina.org/catalog.php?forum=34 一文。
z6Jfu:_N! Yo#F ;s7 安装完系统后,要重新编译内核。目的是要系统支持Firrwall和提高运行效率。
mdD9Q
N01 )VCRbz"[g 首先确认系统是否安装了FreeBSD的内核支持。如果是最小安装,则需要运行/stand/sysinstall命令安装内核支持。方法如下:
H(Q|qckj w*s#=]6 # /stand/sysinstall
#pw=HHq*( (-rw]=Qu 选Configure—Distributions—src—sys,内核文件将被安装在/usr/src/sys目录中。
-}2e+DyAy * E3
c-- 注意:这之后的过程在终端上操作要方便许多。SecureCRT支持在终端界面上直接拷贝和粘贴文本内容。
K=C).5=U ;P4tqY@ 转到内核文件目录
ym)`<[T Z
]WA-Q6n # cd /usr/src/sys/i386/conf
9ApGn!` E$84c+ 编辑内核文件
/!Kl 7Y(ySW # vi kernel_wwwx # kernel_wwwx为我的内核文件名
L]HYk}oD. tqo!WuZAj 我的内核文件如下:
Z'sO9Sg8> ';bovh@* #
ZM%z"hO9R ,0Y5O?pu\ # GENERIC -- Generic kernel configuration file for FreeBSD/i386
4?^t=7N F
DCHB~D #
B>&eciY .8%mi'0ud # For more information on this file, please read the handbook section on
Q35/Sp[;x }X`jhsqT # Kernel Configuration Files:
\LS+.bp% z~BrKdS #
|E)IJj
3 2<@27C5 #
http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.IS...fig-config.html s GP}>w-JZ 1y5$ #
Soa5TM /M "E5 # The handbook is also available locally in /usr/share/doc/handbook
'{:Yg3K k99ANW # if you've installed the doc distribution, otherwise always see the
Uwqm?] a/wkc*}}/ # FreeBSD World Wide Web server (
http://www.FreeBSD.org/) for the
\o j#*aL^ xBC:%kG~# # latest information.
Ilc FW rn?:utP #
}[<eg>9# VoJelyzh # An exhaustive list of options and more detailed explanations of the
<IBzh_ Q`}n;DV # device lines is also present in the ./LINT configuration file. If you are
QAy9RQ0 KD~F5aS`[ # in doubt as to the purpose or necessity of a line, check first in LINT.
NX(.Lw} '?~k`zK #
?DC3BA\) N|ut^X+|\ # $FreeBSD: src/sys/i386/conf/GENERIC,v 1.246.2.48 2002/08/31 20:28:26 obrien Exp $
$v6dB {%Qu ,SAS\!hsE 7^~pOFdH -vfV;+3 machine i386
{-]/r 9R"bo*RIS cpu I586_CPU
<Zc: IPl>bD~=p cpu I686_CPU
D n?P~% $W8 ident kernel_wwwx #内核文件名,这个要和你的内核文件名一致
G1"=}Wt` D>O{>;y[
maxusers 0
uv2!][ I^{PnrB p5~;8Q7 swVq%]')" options INET #InterNETworking
BK'!WX <L__;j1Wx options FFS #Berkeley Fast Filesystem
4>gMe3]0 S`"M;%T options FFS_ROOT #FFS usable as root device [keep this!]
e6f!6a+% i%W,Y8\uf* options SOFTUPDATES #Enable FFS soft updates support
`C`_2y8 h<9h2 options UFS_DIRHASH #Improve performance on big directories
h(I~HZ[K&T d+|8({X]D8 options PROCFS #Process filesystem
gtHk1 9 >=2nAv/( options COMPAT_43 #Compatible with BSD 4.3 [KEEP THIS!]
qx"?')+ -9U'yL90B options SCSI_DELAY=15000 #Delay (in ms) before probing SCSI
|Js96>B: m)q;eQs options SYSVSHM #SYSV-style shared memory
(iK0T. ,FJ9C3 options SYSVMSG #SYSV-style message queues
X./4at` >:s.`jV< options SYSVSEM #SYSV-style semaphores
VYhZ0;' ' {nbD5 ? options P1003_1B #Posix P1003_1B real-time extensions
EYUr.#: #TUsi,jG options _KPOSIX_PRIORITY_SCHEDULING
~S
R:,R XQk9 U options ICMP_BANDLIM #Rate limit bad replies
0X)'8N %+G/oF| options AHC_REG_PRETTY_PRINT # Print register bitfields in debug
hSD)| {
Lt\4h # output. Adds ~128k to driver.
1C=}4^Pu L`+\M+ options AHD_REG_PRETTY_PRINT # Print register bitfields in debug
E<a~
`e *kxk@(lT? # output. Adds ~215k to driver.
6yF4%Sz9 B{|P}fN5} =?57*=]0M >;QkV6i7 device tun 1
-)?~5Z u9>.x
zYG options IPFIREWALL #防火墙
"wxs q]5"V>D \ options IPFIREWALL_FORWARD #允许透明代理
FI~)ZhE)] vdNh25a<h options IPFIREWALL_VERBOSE #允许防火墙日志
HF5aU:M RH. oo& options IPFIREWALL_VERBOSE_LIMIT=100 #限制日志
mYb8 jo<[|ZD options IPFIREWALL_DEFAULT_TO_ACCEPT #默认允许所有IP包
9\Mesf1$o FQ?H%UcW options IPDIVERT #启用由ipfw divert使用的转向IP套接字
xN}P0 0pu])[P]_[ -2tX 15, Eln"RKCt}9 # To make an SMP kernel, the next two are needed
R6)p4#|i ,I@4)RSAH| #options SMP # Symmetric MultiProcessor Kernel
lV$U!v:b GA6Z{U{XS #options APIC_IO # Symmetric (APIC) I/O
&.o}(e:] !?ayZ5G([ uHQJ& $&k2m^R< device isa
8{JTR|yB 4lb3quY$Us device eisa
oRy?Dx+H bR*T}w$< device pci
QKZm<lUL kzns:-a Iu(T@",Q# ?GD{}f33 ahS*YeS7 m3 (fr # ATA and ATAPI devices
D/{Tl %nOBs ln device ata
\(Zdd
\, \fU{$ device atadisk # ATA disk drives
'|4/aHU w*#k&N[X k%:]PQjYT 1(hgSf1WH 2;[75(l6|} W3*WR,z # SCSI Controllers #没有SCSI设备不需要这段
1uMnlimr N_q7ip%z device ahb # EISA AHA1742 family
+Z$X5Th )@1_Dm@0b device ahc # AHA2940 and onboard AIC7xxx devices
StP6G ]x 1.yw\ZC\ device ahd # AHA39320/29320 and onboard AIC79xx devices
gA2\c5F< 8xg:ItJaA0 device amd # AMD 53C974 (Tekram DC-390(T))
MZ+8wr/y ;N ]ElwP device isp # Qlogic family
m++VW0Y> L V33vy device mpt # LSI-Logic MPT/Fusion
pK*-In [ "J device ncr # NCR/Symbios Logic
jc Ie<i; #1u4Hi(x5 device sym # NCR/Symbios Logic (newer chipsets)
vh?({A#>.E Jev@IORN\ options SYM_SETUP_LP_PROBE_MAP=0x40
U G^6I5 Xd|@w{.m* # Allow ncr to attach legacy NCR devices when
5>}L3r>a; W1r- uR # both sym and ncr are configured
$Xz9xzOR te" 8ZmJ jh\q2E~,` A8c'CMEm device adv0 at isa?
s}`=pk/FM I9SO}a2p device adw
A3'i
- n8zUL1:R device bt0 at isa?
",&}vfD4M )F4er' device aha0 at isa?
1vl~[ a5Xr"- device aic0 at isa?
z?j~ 2K<4 l4R:_Z< 0Lc X7gU> nV:.-JR device ncv # NCR 53C500
\vFkhm
Q9%N>h9 device nsp # Workbit Ninja SCSI-3
CmJ*oXyi O_F<VV*MFQ device stg # TMC 18C30/18C50
wF@qBDxg a}jaxGy nfrC@Av <-}6X # SCSI peripherals #没有SCSI设备不需要这段
wQM(Lm#Q C+y:<oo) device scbus # SCSI bus (required)
y3;G<9K2c] ix7N q7!N device da # Direct Access (disks)
&)xoR4!2 bmt2~! device sa # Sequential Access (tape etc)
oxcAKo \8_&@uLm device cd # CD
<bGSr23* '^7Sa device pass # Passthrough device (direct SCSI access)
}p8a'3@Z X`J~3s ]dk~C?H evimnV s=U_tfpH (q:L_zFj>" ajkRL|^ ~2rZL # atkbdc0 controls both the keyboard and the PS/2 mouse
)W*S6}A g%9I+(?t device atkbdc0 at isa? port IO_KBD
#1V vK
v>7=T8 device atkbd0 at atkbdc? irq 1 flags 0x1
O]^E%;(]}i $+7MY-9T GW`9SB &:'Uh
W-t device vga0 at isa?
Du[$6 `;QpPSw + ZIpL4y
=_ M@s2T|bQw HRPTP+ Ds0^/bYp& # syscons is the default console driver, resembling an SCO console
W~dS8B=< XQlK}AK device sc0 at isa? flags 0x100
(B,CL222x ?L{[84GSO ^U:pv0Qz `C] t2^ lh8`.sWk4V mv<z%y?Oj # Floating point support - do not disable.
I^\YD9~=x *>S\i7RET device npx0 at nexus? port IO_NPX irq 13
&m+s5 Ojie.+'SB 0'z$"(6D Yz.[CmdX K~v"%sG{` 0gfa7+Y # Serial (COM) ports
5XA6IL|/l y\r8_rBo device sio0 at isa? port IO_COM1 flags 0x10 irq 4
;se-IDN ?sp {$O.@#' |2{y'?, # 我用的是8139和Dlink DFE-530TX网卡,大家可根据自己的网卡型号保留或删除
bWUo(B#*I Uhb6{'+ # 使用公共的MII总线控制器代码的PCI以太网适配器
3V LwMF? }c%QF # 注意:一定要保留'device miibus'以确保可用
C37KvLQ Vk@u|6U' # PCI Ethernet NICs that use the common MII bus controller code.
lj'c0k8 ]}~*uT}> # NOTE: Be sure to keep the 'device miibus' line in order to use these NICs!
4N*Fq!k~ Gzc{2"p device miibus # MII bus support
)bw^!w) t<~riFs] device fxp # Intel EtherExpress PRO/100B (82557, 82558)
:}e*3={4 u{tjB/K& device rl # RealTek 8129/8139
Ny
p5= B5zu?AG device vr # VIA Rhine, Rhine II
SYeCz(H>d zZ
OoPE device xl # 3Com 3c90x (``Boomerang'', ``Cyclone'')
qRTxg% !T6oD]x3 jYO@ %bQ u23^* - # Pseudo devices - the number indicates how many units to allocate.
o24`5Jdh }!lLA4XRr pseudo-device loop # Network loopback
L8/o9N1 2
os&d| pseudo-device ether # Ethernet support
:7@"EW Uj1^?d+b pseudo-device sl 1 # Kernel SLIP
`c(,_oa{ 9)e`mO*n pseudo-device ppp 1 # Kernel PPP
LL#7oBJdM 6./h0kD` pseudo-device tun # Packet tunnel.
cQ1oy-paD 3yZtyXRPn pseudo-device pty # Pseudo-ttys (telnet etc)
Y}(v[QGV s80:.B pseudo-device md # Memory "disks"
ofj7$se V.: a6>] pseudo-device gif # IPv6 and IPv4 tunneling
no)Spo' V-O 49 pseudo-device faith 1 # IPv6-to-IPv4 relaying (translation)
O]4!U#A FavU"QU&| K:465r: yQM7QLbTk # The `bpf' pseudo-device enables the Berkeley Packet Filter.
* j:
]i=-/ # Be aware of the administrative consequences of enabling this!
Lk4&&5q WK:~2m&y pseudo-device bpf #Berkeley packet filter
`jvIcu5c t \Fc < (完)
05=O5<l
v}+axu/? s~IOc%3 vObP(@0AM 我用的是8139网卡和Dlink DFE-530TX网卡,如果你用其他型号的网卡,需要察看当前目录的GENERIC 内核文件,找到描述自己的网卡型号的段并将其添加到新的内核文件里。其他的不改直接拷贝过来就可以用了。
mhnD1}9,Ih C!Y|k.`p 接下来编译安装新内核:
E`=y9r*Z [j
'Ogm7" # /usr/sbin/config kernel_wwwx #kernel_wwwx为你的内核文件名
8}{';k ^ Gq2"rDM # cd ../../compile/kernel_wwwx
%+Z0$Q
q4xB`G # make depend
e ! 6SJ7xC Olj]A]v} # make
L<1"u.3Z`} nAoGG0$5 # make install
rf@/<Wu v"F.<Q 重新启动(reboot)
&oWWc$ w>IkC+.? Y
H
2iV A AH-Dj|&l 如果系统升级过源代码树,按下面方法编译内核:
fh b &_T XG<^j}H{} # cd /usr/src
HdJLD+k/ -,TBUWg # make kernel KERNCONF=kernel_wwwx #kernel_wwwx为你的内核文件名
P9B@2# 0u,=OvU 重新启动
PJAE~|a ^R,5T}J. l0U6eOx h:z;b; FreeBSD网站平台建设全过程(二、接入Internet并配制代理服务)
-E2[PW4$ J.$<Lnt>u vk5pnCM^3 xv$^%(Ujp 使用adsl接入Internet有两种情况,通过拨号获取动态ip或服务商直接给定静态ip。后者配制起来较容易。本文先讨论动态ip如何设置。
>QE^KtZ n{r+t=X 由于第一步重新编译内核时已经加进了对Firewall的支持。这里就可以通过直接编辑/etc/ppp/ppp.conf文件和/etc/rc.conf文件就可以上网并支持NAT方式透明代理了。
%,K |v V~Tjz%< # vi /etc/ppp/ppp.conf
:0CR=]WM R`76Ae`R8 我的ppp.conf文件内容如下:(注意set前要留空格)
d;mQ=k
1 p? iJ'K default:
a_waLH/ }(ay( set log Phase tun command
Te[[xhTyw j /)cdP set ifaddr 10.0.0.1/0 10.0.0.2/0
pEH[fA] >u*woNw(XM adsl: # 配置代号
)_GM&- ]WWre}, set device PPPoE:vr0 # vr0 改成你连接ADSL modem的网卡名
!Ya
+ ~_8Ve\Y^ / set mru 1492
B
0 K2Uw at,Xad\j set mtu 1492
tPO.^ ?9H7Twi+T set authname username # username是拨号用户名
qt^%jIv $C9<{zX
set authkey password # password是拨号密码
Co[[6pt~ xXA$16kd set dial
g~FB&U4c u\t[rC=yd set login
[O"i!AQ iBp 71x65 add default HISADDR
P^rSpS9 E0xUEAO (完)
$rFv(Qc^= 9'8OGCN 0a8nBo7A-X ^b-H # vi /etc/rc.conf
z6Su` zHb<YpU 我的rc.conf文件内容如下:(动态ip)
4 3]6J]!) :e+GtN? # -- sysinstall generated deltas -- # Tue Jul 15 21:20:28 1997
e!tgWYN <' P|g # Created: Tue Jul 15 21:20:28 1997
4fzq C) xBgf)'W_Z # Enable network daemons for user convenience.
y^;qT_)# A'[A!NL% # Please make all changes to this file, not to /etc/defaults/rc.conf.
:vurU$\ ^3=8*Xr # This file now contains just the overrides from /etc/defaults/rc.conf.
)@R:$l86 ^z[s;:- hostname="wwwx.3322.org" # 你的主机域名
\RQ5$!O Y1`. ifconfig_fxp0="inet 192.168.0.1 netmask 255.255.255.0" #内网网卡ip地址,fxp0是网卡名
s$H5W`3 ;lYO)Z`3\ inetd_enable="YES" # 开机加载inetd
U?$v1 || a P{xMB#1h kern_securelevel_enable="NO"
B1nb23SY T B{)Du
:) linux_enable="YES"
Z]w_2- - cb'8Li8,j nfs_reserved_port_only="NO"
wTIf#y1=9 -)y"EJ(N sendmail_enable="NO"
elKQge nJ*NI) sshd_enable="YES"
/jj!DO# _xUhDu% usbd_enable="NO"
]"/ *7NM ZN1QTb gateway_enable="YES"
{GHGFi`Z yt!K|g firewall_enable="YES" #启用防火墙
Z#V[N9L A8Jbl^7E+ firewall_script="/etc/rc.firewall"
_F@FcFG1Z* ,x{5,K.yWq firewall_type="open"
h(G&X9* \GMudN firewall_quiet="YES"
/23v]HEPy ,pLesbI firewall_logging_enable="YES"
/)oxuk&}c DU 8)c$ ppp_enable="YES" # 开机自动拨号
K9w24Oka )s6tjlf8 ppp_mode="ddial"
zEO
9TuBO Ho\+xX ppp_nat="YES" # 启用透明代理
//wmJ | ( _nkscf ppp_profile="adsl" # 配置代号
TS
UN(_XGW >@oO7<WB # -- sysinstall generated deltas -- # Wed Jul 16 06:52:13 1997
OVj,qL) 9 z3Iwl (完)
j<l>+.,
U E> 4
\9 )$th${pd#v Uj!L:u2b 这样重新启动后就可以拨号上网并实现透明代理了。客户端需要设置dns服务器为服务商提供的dns,网关设成代理服务器的内网卡ip地址,这里是192.168.0.1。并把IE中“internet选项”关于连接设置的所有复选框清除。
4
Qw;r @&EP&
$* 如果解析不了域名,检查一下/etc/resolv.conf文件是否加入了正确的dns服务器地址。
JBoo7a1 <n6/np! U{ahA }:jXl!:V 如果是静态ip方式,则只需要编辑/etc/rc.conf文件。
7kJ,;30) [Xz7.<0#U 我的/etc/rc.conf文件如下:(静态ip)
Mm/GIa O$&p<~ # -- sysinstall generated deltas -- # Tue Jul 15 21:20:28 1997
n"dT^
g V).M\ # Created: Tue Jul 15 21:20:28 1997
.pdgRjlSn 0f-gQD # Enable network daemons for user convenience.
E*
lqC h @l;f';+ # Please make all changes to this file, not to /etc/defaults/rc.conf.
O]~p)E \lY26' # This file now contains just the overrides from /etc/defaults/rc.conf.
w6wXe_N+M OKf/[hyu hostname="wwwx.3322.org" #主机域名
ol:_2G2xQ r;Dl defaultrouter="218.10.104.1" #服务商提供的路由器地址
;- cq#8S wwpvmb ifconfig_vr0="inet 218.10.104.188 netmask 255.255.255.0" #服务商提供的静态ip
9]7^/g*! vkt)!hl ` ifconfig_fxp0="inet 192.168.0.1 netmask 255.255.255.0" #内部网卡ip
q g%<>B&" tGf inetd_enable="YES" #开机加载inetd
:^ cA\2= RKBtwZx>f kern_securelevel_enable="NO"
sF<4uy zF{z_c#3@ linux_enable="YES"
yXEC@#?| Z>X-u eV nfs_reserved_port_only="NO"
-AffKo L^0jyp sshd_enable="YES"
?EpY4k8, 3ea6g5kX sendmail_enable="NO"
sxuYwQ Z#Zk) usbd_enable="NO"
zCco/]h
sXfx[)T< gateway_enable="YES"
35,SP R 4)"jg[ firewall_enable="YES"
s\KV\5\o S&QZ"4jq firewall_script="/etc/rc.firewall"
goxgJOiB U|y+k` firewall_type="open"
(^6SF>' :|fzGf firewall_quiet="YES"
4{J%`H`Q! SYC_=X firewall_logging_enable="YES"
+1cK (Si $)\ocsO natd_enable="YES" # 启用透明代理
r?Z8_5Y &]ImO
RN natd_interface="vr0" # natd接口,vr0为连接外网modem的网卡
IRcZyry C"YM"9JSJ # -- sysinstall generated deltas -- # Wed Jul 16 06:52:13 1997
.IG(Y!cB mk0rAN (完)
e<IT2tv>u jt;,7Ek /O&j1g@ gN(8T_r 重起后网络连接及透明代理生效。客户端同样要按上面说的方法配制。
K\;b3 IJs`3? M~wJe@bc o,X ? 使用Squid:
FfP Ce5) 8-po| Squid是一个非常不错的代理缓存软件。我曾经一直在使用,后来因为我经常要改变web服务器里的网页,而Squid总是把我以前的页面缓存,致使不能马上反映页面的更新情况,再加上公司上网的负担不是很重。所以就不用了。
PR.?"$!D{ %+`$Lb?{ 安装方法:
8Y&(o-R0 %*Y:Rm'> 在FreeBSD下安装软件最方便的方法是使用ports。本文为了让大家对通用的软件安装方法做一定的了解,我们采用通用的方法来安装squid,也就是说,下面的方法同样适用于linux或其他unix版本。
NB>fr#pb ya|7hz { A3h[VnuG, z?+N3p9 在ylf的用户目录下创建目录app用来存放程序安装临时文件:
^Dd$8$?[ mF#{" # mkdir /home/ylf/app
~xzRx$vU 6{1c
S 将用户ylf设为/home/ylf/app目录及其子目录的所有者
<G#JPt6 :}j{ NM# # chown –R ylf /home/ylf/app
J;G+6C$: zf6k% 到
http://www.squid-cache.org/Versions/v2/2.5/ 下载squid 的最新稳定版本,现在是squid-2.5.STABLE3
4egq Y0A &
XcY|y=W 打开IE浏览器,在地址栏输入
ftp://192.168.0.1 ,出现ftp登陆对话框,输入用户名ylf及密码,登录成功后。将下载的squid-2.5.STABLE3复制到app目录中。
8wwD\1pLS /(XtNtO* 执行如下命令:
S^~GI$ >D*L0snjV # cd /home/ylf/app
+]Ydf^rF &grT} # tar zxvf squid-2.5.STABLE3.tar.gz #解压缩安装包
H{9di\xnEm ^TnBtIU-B # cd squid-2.5.STABLE3 #进入解开的目录
p"Fj6T2 Li iQ;x # ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/squid #配制、将squid安装在/usr/local/squid目录
347p2sK> #uFP
eu: # make all #编译
rr2|xL?+u / 1g_Uv; # make install #安装
>Ei_## 4Yx?75/ 下面编辑squid的配置文件:
@R>J\> a B%DIH, # cd /usr/local/squid/etc
Ean@GDLz8 t&0pE(MO/ 将原来的配置文件改名
sy#CR4X }<A\> # mv squid.conf squid.conf.bak
91e&-acA 3fM~R+p 编辑新的配置文件
AEhh
6v >STWt>s # vi squid.conf
@)|62Dv / |%we@
E 我的squid.conf内容如下:
r#3(;N{= a\aJw[d{ OZs^c2
W t-i; #取消对代理阵列的支持
kC0F@'D )"wWV{k icp_port 0
-+ -@Yq$ 8`kK)iCq Mb uD8B WOG=Uy$ #对日志文件和pid文件位置进行设置
`/8Dmg MAQkk%6[g cache_store_log none
E"nIC,VZ `(.K|l} cache_access_log /usr/local/squid/var/logs/access.log
PiP\T.XANa ; Sq_DP1W cache_log /usr/local/squid/var/logs/cache.log
&}Cm9V (n|PLi emulate_httpd_log on
[n44; xP
"7B9B pid_filename /usr/local/squid/var/logs/squid.pid
>@rsh-Z c54oQ1Q&" 5iwJdm L"P$LEk #设置运行时的用户和组权限
SBgBZm}% 3g`uLA X>u cache_effective_user squid
:q<8:,rP 00[Uk'Q*5 cache_effective_group squid
n0:'h}^ y}FTLX $ tQ&.;{5[f LaG./+IP #设置管理信息
pMe'fC~* NVAt-u0LB visible_hostname wwwx.3322.org.
yL7D;<!S& n&jfJgD&g cache_mgr
yourname@yourdomain.com *?VbN}g2 q
okgu$2 L
Me{5H J 6D?$ #设置监听地址和端口
D4$;jz,, ?<STt 9 http_port 3128
4#1[i|:M MuQyHEDF udp_incoming_address 0.0.0.0
{m.l{<H $h"tg9L^) ?~Fk_#jz,@ 6-c3v #设置squid用户hot object的物理内存的大小以及设置cache目录
:GBWQXb G 3&^4%S{/ cache_mem 32 MB
0,1:l3iu1M N.vt5WP cache_dir ufs /usr/local/squid/cache 1024 16 256
AK]{^Hvz )
wtVFG >7[.
{Y ;Kob]b #访问控制设置
01uMbtM Y?a*-" acl mynet src 192.168.0.0/255.255.255.0
wC+_S*M-K lTBPq?4{ acl all src 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0
r({!ejT{U sKVN*8ia http_access allow mynet
$!)Sgb xDD3Y{K http_access deny all
/g BB d!mtSOh ms@*JCL!t ^V#9{)B #透明代理设置
<csz4tL}P BU(:6 httpd_accel_host virtual
xb1 i{d >~8;H x].d httpd_accel_port 80
(n_lu=E70 (LbAP9Zj#f httpd_accel_with_proxy on
u.ubw(vv AIgJ,=9K httpd_accel_uses_host_header on
uLX5khQ l=,\ h& 2oyTS*2u_& kv{uf$X*ve #swap 性能微调
rf^Q%ds xOnbYU half_closed_clients off
|WqEJ*$, r2M Iw cache_swap_high 100%
azF|L"-RP (L} cache_swap_low 80%
rH
Et]Xa FKRO0%M4}Z maximum_object_size 1024 KB
#}*w &y |h$*z9bsf KE! aa&g `@1y|j:m #控制对象的超时时间
lO3W:,3_a D!<[\G refresh_pattern -i .html 1440 90% 129600 reload-into-ims
[!H2i
p- o!!";q%DX refresh_pattern -i .shtml 1440 90% 129600 reload-into-ims
*5?a%p qKNX^n; refresh_pattern -i .hml 1440 90% 129600 reload-into-ims
?0
93'lA
WJ":BK{NM refresh_pattern -i .gif 1440 90% 129600 reload-into-ims
G8b/eWtP "h?;)Ye refresh_pattern -i .swf 1440 90% 129600 reload-into-ims
K;moV| j VtIPw&KHW refresh_pattern -i .jpg 1440 90% 129600 reload-into-ims
erTb9`N4 9DcUx- refresh_pattern -i .png 1440 90% 129600 reload-into-ims
FdwT 7yp7`|,p refresh_pattern -i .bmp 1440 90% 129600 reload-into-ims
2r;^OWwr? ,Fo7E refresh_pattern -i .js 1440 90% 129600 reload-into-ims
C/V{&/5w =Lx*TbsFYt (完)
]+A>*0#" .I\)1kjX hDaI@_86 *%<Ku&C 需要改的地方是访问控制设置中的子网改成你自己的子网。其他的地方可根据需要调整。不改也可。
;ELQIHnD" DwM4/m 如果不使用日志,将日志设置部分改成如下句子:
(}E-+:vFU uX_A4ht* cache_store_log none
.
+_IpygQ GtI]6t cache_access_log /dev/null
j$r .&,m B198_T! cache_log /dev/null
+bK[3KG4F5 f5D.wSY KY'"Mg^! 18JhC*in 添加squid系统用户和组
0_b7*\x c ;4.D% # pw groupadd squid
<K4`GT"n 8qwc]f$.w # pw useradd squid -g squid -s /sbin/nologin
DCS$d1 ]}z;!D> 建立cache目录
:(tSL{FO q)JG_Y.p # mkdir /usr/local/squid/cache
K^z-G=|N qT]Bl+h2 改变cache目录和logs目录的所有者为squid用户和组
iw1((&^)" Yc;cf%c1 # chown –R squid /usr/local/squid/cache
T{=.mW^ x 1o)Vzv # chgrp –R squid /usr/local/squid/cache
s'%KKC .gUceXWH3 # chown –R squid /usr/local/squid/var/logs
z{T2!w~[ G"!YV#"~ # chgrp –R squid /usr/local/squid/var/logs
x" 21 Jh ~/?JRL= 运行squid –z建立cache目录结构
AU1P?lk #6{"cr6l # /usr/local/squid/sbin/squid –z
il^SGH E.W7`zl tV2SX7N o?A/ 测试squid运行情况
5wXe^G .&2p Z # /usr/local/squid/sbin/squid –NCd1
+kCVi
(2vR8 出现下面显示证明squid安装成功
BcV;EEi TSu^.K 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Starting Squid Cache version 2.5.STABLE3 for i386-unknown-freebsd4.7...
4f,D3e%T| ]e+IaZ[Wo 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Process ID 160
oiAU}iK: I\V33Nd 2003/06/21 18:01:09| With 957 file descriptors available
Sd'Meebu $IUP; 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Performing DNS Tests...
I0ycLx wP3PI.g-g 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Successful DNS name lookup tests...
wd*i&ooQ*L -k\7k2 2003/06/21 18:01:09| DNS Socket created at 0.0.0.0, port 1029, FD 4
)f#@`lf[< Y{y #us1 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Adding nameserver 202.97.224.68 from /etc/resolv.conf
^EU&6M2 'R6D+Vk/ 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Unlinkd pipe opened on FD 9
@'[w7HsJ ~D@pk>I 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Swap maxSize 1048576 KB, estimated 80659 objects
HN>eS Y+ K8*QS_* 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Target number of buckets: 4032
J)(H-xvV R= HN>(U 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Using 8192 Store buckets
/:dVW"A| W.p->,N 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Max Mem size: 32768 KB
}|f\'S bj`cYL% 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Max Swap size: 1048576 KB
l/OG79qq >VP\@xt(R[ 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Store logging disabled
1DcYc-k# Y>!9P\Xe 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Rebuilding storage in /usr/local/squid/cache (DIRTY)
#m
3WZ3t$ "d'xT/l
" 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Using Least Load store dir selection
yZI4%fen ZTd_EY0 q 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Current Directory is /usr/local/squid/etc
q p|T,D% f
; |[ 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Loaded Icons.
Y">tfLIL_ |w[}\#2 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Accepting HTTP connections at 0.0.0.0, port 3128, FD 8.
R@>R@V>c [a;lYsOsJ 2003/06/21 18:01:09| WCCP Disabled.
)Y~q6D K y<PPO6u7 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Ready to serve requests.
d T/*O8 &nn!{S^ 2003/06/21 18:01:16| Done scanning /usr/local/squid/cache swaplog (0 entries)
/6F 1=O(c> @FkNT~OZ 2003/06/21 18:01:16| Finished rebuilding storage from disk.
If6wkY6sR P>euUVMPz4 2003/06/21 18:01:16| 0 Entries scanned
QHr
3J
DLyHC=%{+h 2003/06/21 18:01:16| 0 Invalid entries.
;~z>GJox 8s8q`_.)( 2003/06/21 18:01:16| 0 With invalid flags.
uW;Uq=UN =B1t?(" 2003/06/21 18:01:16| 0 Objects loaded.
h0n0Dc{4 k_V1x0sZ 2003/06/21 18:01:16| 0 Objects expired.
,Z_nV+l_ |NtT-T)7 2003/06/21 18:01:16| 0 Objects cancelled.
{114
[ z1!ya#,$ 2003/06/21 18:01:16| 0 Duplicate URLs purged.
m|~,# d@ f]$g9H 2003/06/21 18:01:16| 0 Swapfile clashes avoided.
%H<w.]> bXq,iX 2003/06/21 18:01:16| Took 7.3 seconds ( 0.0 objects/sec).
2 T{PIJg3 \,
n'D 2003/06/21 18:01:16| Beginning Validation Procedure
(#c5Q&