在Windows操作系统中,当用户按下"PrintScreen"按钮后,Windows自动将当前屏幕的图像拷贝到系统剪贴板中,这时可以通过"画笔"这个小程序将剪贴板中的内容保存成图像文件,可以看出,如果需要将当前屏幕保存下来还是比较麻烦的,能否可以自己编写一个应用程序,自动将当前屏幕的内容保存到一个图像文件中去呢?这个答案是肯定的,本实例应用程序就是利用通用的热键管理DLL库实现的热键功能,在收到热键通知后截取屏幕的内容并保存到bmp文件中。例如我们设置图片保存路径为c:\,热键为F9 + Control,然后按Change按钮设置好热键,那么当我们按下CTRL+F9后,当前界面将以BMP图像文件的格式被保存在C:\目录下。程序编译运行后的界面效果如图一所示:
_MGNKA6JI ]U_5\$ 一、实现方法
T:be 9 5!, 3Wjq >\ 热键管理DLL实际上是一个键盘钩子,由它来监视系统的键盘事件。如果有和程序登记符合的按键组合就通知该程序的窗口。为了应用方便,本实例把它做成了一个标准的管理库来为其它的程序通过热键服务,它有两个输出函数:AddHotkey()和DeleteHotkey(),程序只需要调用这两个函数就可以了,如果编译之后不用改变热键,则只需要AddHotkey就可以了。DLL中的所有的全局变量都放在一个共享段中,定义如下:
C\y[&egww ThjUiuWe #pragma data_seg("shareddata")
\)FeuLGL9 HHOOK hHook =NULL; //钩子句柄
hT.4t,wa8 UINT nHookCount =0; //挂接的程序数目
,NjX&A@ static UCHAR HotKey[MAX_KEY] = {0}; //热键虚拟键码
Tw2Xe S static UCHAR HotKeyMask[MAX_KEY] = {0}; //组合掩码, control=4,alt=2,shift=1
2r
%>]y static HWND hCallWnd[MAX_KEY] = {0}; //window handle associated with hotkey
Cq-hPa}2 static int KeyCount =0;
W^^K0yn`@ static UCHAR MaskBits =0; //00000 Ctrl=4 & Alt=2 & Shift=1
>/(i3) #pragma data_seg()
r5D jCV" u
wH)$Pl 关于共享段,有几点重要的说明:一是必须在链接选项里指定该段为共享:一种方法是在project->settings->link->object/library中加上/section:shareddata,rws;第二种方法是在def文件的sections里加上一句shareddata read write shared;第三种指定共享段的方法在程序里加上一句#pragma comment(linker,"section:shareddata,rws")。二是所有的变量必须初始化,否则链接程序会把它放到普通数据段。三是如果不初始化变量,需要在段外用"__declspec(allocate("shareddata")) 变量类型 变量名"的方式定义。
SL6mNn9c /TzNdIv DLL中的两个输出函数分别用来添加/删除热键,函数代码如下:
-b].SG5S s.f`.o BOOL __declspec(dllexport) __stdcall AddHotkey(HWND hWnd,UCHAR
,.~
W cKey,UCHAR cMask)
3X,]=f@_ {
UAnB=L,.\ BOOL bAdded=FALSE;
-L+\y\F for(int index=0;index<MAX_KEY;index++){
jn.R.}TT if(hCallWnd[index]==0){
P]|J?$1K hCallWnd[index]=hWnd;
kJHr&=VO~ HotKey[index]=cKey;
d-9uv|SJ HotKeyMask[index]=cMask;
0eQ~#~j& bAdded=TRUE;
,h3269$J KeyCount++;
3Cq6h;!# break;
&mX5&e }
"2*G$\ }
t.3Ct@wK return bAdded;
83mlZ1jQz }
N7d17c.
5 //删除热键
6"BtfQ") BOOL __declspec(dllexport) __stdcall DeleteHotkey(HWND hWnd,UCHAR cKey,UCHAR cMask)
|Dl*w/n
{
l0qdk#v BOOL bRemoved=FALSE;
jjJc1 p0 for(int index=0;index<MAX_KEY;index++){
H+S~ bzz if(hCallWnd[index]==hWnd){
aQz|!8Is if(HotKey[index]==cKey&&HotKeyMask[index]==cMask){
szf"|k! hCallWnd[index]=NULL;
bRx2
c
HotKey[index]=0;
pem3G5
`g= HotKeyMask[index]=0;
m-:8jA? bRemoved=TRUE;
(%``EIc<8 KeyCount--;
kWzuz# break;
QH@Q\
@, }
*ge].E }
Fpy6"Z?z }
cpE25 return bRemoved;
s`$NW^'] }
<dju6k7uz {DKXn`V i_j9/k DLL中的钩子函数如下:
AyQS4A.s[ ?b!CV
LRESULT CALLBACK KeyboardProc(int nCode,WPARAM wParam,LPARAM lParam)
l.__10{ {
h
Jfa_ BOOL bProcessed=FALSE;
Y|{r
vBKjf if(HC_ACTION==nCode)
8@Egy%_ {
}*fW!(* if((lParam&0xc0000000)==0xc0000000){// 有键松开
,Y+r<; switch(wParam)
ig2{lEkF {
w.4u=e >Z4 case VK_MENU:
FRl3\ZDqrb MaskBits&=~ALTBIT;
6{JR 0 break;
l 'AK case VK_CONTROL:
[;>zqNy MaskBits&=~CTRLBIT;
3a'Rs{qxn
break;
_hAj2%SL case VK_SHIFT:
Q3<bC6$r MaskBits&=~SHIFTBIT;
Y9IJ break;
viW~'}^k7 default: //judge the key and send message
F&W0DaH break;
SREDM }
9;E%U2T7 for(int index=0;index<MAX_KEY;index++){
\Dvl%:8 if(hCallWnd[index]==NULL)
bE7(L
$UF continue;
K;@RUy~ if(IsWindow(hCallWnd[index])&&(HotKey[index]==wParam)&&(HotKeyMask[index]==MaskBits))
WUE)SVf {
N<#S3B?. SendMessage(hCallWnd[index],WM_HOTKEY,wParam,WM_KEYUP);
=yk Rki bProcessed=TRUE;
[
4?cM\_u@ }
%Y)PH-z }
_H~pH7WU }
x&hvFG3 else if((lParam&0xc000ffff)==1){ //有键按下
kjLsk- switch(wParam)
^@|<'g.R- {
JfZL?D{NM case VK_MENU:
f7EIDFX>pt MaskBits|=ALTBIT;
6=Y3(#Ddt break;
n9<roH case VK_CONTROL:
TTA{#[=7 MaskBits|=CTRLBIT;
1M%{Uqsd - break;
kcq9p2zKv case VK_SHIFT:
gmF_~"^34 MaskBits|=SHIFTBIT;
\N#
HPrv} break;
ifJv~asp default: //judge the key and send message
,_"7|z wb break;
u%+6Mp[E }
(uuEjM$3% for(int index=0;index<MAX_KEY;index++){
Nt`F0
9S if(hCallWnd[index]==NULL)
5t"bCzp continue;
ugIm:bg& if(IsWindow(hCallWnd[index])&&(HotKey[index]==wParam)&&(HotKeyMask[index]==MaskBits))
.G5NGB {
pz*/4 SendMessage(hCallWnd[index],WM_HOTKEY,wParam,WM_KEYDOWN);
)V[w:= * bProcessed=TRUE;
U<ku_(2"# }
x*loACee. }
K^z5x#Yj }
}AMYU>YE= if(!bProcessed){ //一般按键事件,为监视键盘的程序留出余地
dK0}% ]i3# for(int index=0;index<MAX_KEY;index++){
!^Z[z[ if(hCallWnd[index]==NULL)
/I`cS%U continue;
_g^K$+F'} if(IsWindow(hCallWnd[index])&&(HotKey[index]==0)&&(HotKeyMask[index]==0))
mFgb_Cd SendMessage(hCallWnd[index],WM_HOTKEY,WM_HOTKEY,lParam);
7.lK$J: //lParam的意义可看MSDN中WM_KEYDOWN部分
~,1-$#R }
G:h;C].
}
K%[}[.cW }
b.mjQ return CallNextHookEx( hHook, nCode, wParam, lParam );
q_9N+-?{7 }
FT3,k&i fw(j6:p 抓图程序是一个基于对话框的程序,它在建立对话框的时候调用前面的DLL,登记热键,因此需要将hook.lib添加到工程里,在程序里给出两个DLL函数的定义,也可以写个头文件,再包含进来以下代码:
4 BE:&A WV,?Ge
BOOL __declspec(dllexport)__stdcall AddHotkey(HWND,UCHAR key,UCHAR mask);
M/8#&RycQ
BOOL __declspec(dllexport)__stdcall DeleteHotkey(HWND,UCHAR key,UCHAR mask);
323yAF 9:CVN@E 为了添加应用程序对热键通知事件的响应,程序中用的办法是重载WindowProc()函数,该函数代码如下:
W[[YOK1T ;9!yh\\ LRESULT CCaptureDlg::WindowProc(UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
i
h`y0(< {
UijuJ(Tle if(message==WM_HOTKEY&&lParam==WM_KEYDOWN)
Y-neD?V N {
X_0{*!v8 //lParam表示是按下还是松开,如果有多个热键,由wParam来区分
HonAK SaveBmp();
>n$EeJ return FALSE;
2kp|zX( }
}Yo15BN+ …… //其它处理及默认处理
%b-;Rn }
>"sKfiM)b ~Me&cT8 %WJ{IXlz 将屏幕图像保存到BMP文件中的任务是由函数SaveBmp()来完成的,具体实现参见代码部分。另外为了顺利实现屏幕抓图,程序中还实现了"托盘"功能,由于这一部分本书在实例中已经专门介绍过了,所以不再赘述,读者朋友可以参考相关实例。
iP#A-du r$3~bS$] 最后需要提醒读者朋友们注意的是,源程序的编译与使用时要先编译hook.dll并将其放在系统目录(win2000/NT是system32,98/ME是system),然后编译对话框程序运行即可。
IJ
#v"! D r0Y?X\l* 二、编程步骤
b]so9aCz 8,H#t@+MT 1、 启动Visual C++,生成一个DLL项目和一个基于对话框的应用程序项目,并将两个项目分别命名为"Hook"和"Capture";
st'?3A $E4O^0%/p 2、 在"Hook"项目中导出AddHotkey()、DeleteHotkey()函数;
pxCGE[@` -?%{A%' 3、 在"Capture"项目中按照图一所示设置对话框的界面,具体设置参见代码部分;
O'&X aaZV Ow($\, 4、 使用Class Wizard在"Capture"项目中添加按钮的鼠标单击消息响应函数,并重载对话框的WindowProc()函数;
e$/Zb`k H z< M 5、 添加代码,编译运行程序。
H~_^w.P &>) `P[x 三、程序代码
)qe$rD;N X/;"CM ///////////////////////////////////// Hook.h : main header file for the HOOK DLL
!Lg}q!*%>V #if !defined(AFX_HOOK_H__AEBFF705_C93A_11D5_B7D6_0080C82BE86B__INCLUDED_)
n_xQSVI0F #define AFX_HOOK_H__AEBFF705_C93A_11D5_B7D6_0080C82BE86B__INCLUDED_
gE6y&a #if _MSC_VER > 1000
VtPoc(o4] #pragma once
N?U&(@p #endif // _MSC_VER > 1000
-fSKJo#}| #ifndef __AFXWIN_H__
|$|n V^y #error include 'stdafx.h' before including this file for PCH
@h7GTA \ #endif
I8-&.RE #include "resource.h" // main symbols
xt<,
(4u class CHookApp : public CWinApp
T h- vG {
c J"]yG)= public:
k>z-Zg CHookApp();
S}xDB // Overrides
@R-~zOv // ClassWizard generated virtual function overrides
+DV6oh //{{AFX_VIRTUAL(CHookApp)
NM.f0{:cj public:
}Bod#|`
virtual BOOL InitInstance();
e,j ?_p virtual int ExitInstance();
!,(bXa\^ //}}AFX_VIRTUAL
&_%+r5 //{{AFX_MSG(CHookApp)
KxTYc // NOTE - the ClassWizard will add and remove member functions here.
_6ax{:/Q // DO NOT EDIT what you see in these blocks of generated code !
iDkWW //}}AFX_MSG
fPk9(X;G!p DECLARE_MESSAGE_MAP()
aab4c^Ms= };
9:Z~}yX LRESULT CALLBACK KeyboardProc(int nCode,WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);
;|$]Qq BOOL __declspec(dllexport)__stdcall AddHotkey(HWND,UCHAR key,UCHAR mask);
e[k;SSs BOOL __declspec(dllexport)__stdcall DeleteHotkey(HWND,UCHAR key,UCHAR mask);
2DBFXhP BOOL InitHotkey();
pvwnza1 BOOL UnInit();
r`E1<aCr| #endif
sxQ ,x/O "y
,(9_# //////////////////////////////////////// Hook.cpp : Defines the initialization routines for the DLL.
v%8-Al^G #include "stdafx.h"
w-Q 6
- #include "hook.h"
3<'Q`H > #include <windowsx.h>
v=Bh
A9[ #ifdef _DEBUG
?KuJs9SM #define new DEBUG_NEW
[;LPeO #undef THIS_FILE
)
ImIPSL static char THIS_FILE[] = __FILE__;
xY}j8~k #endif
KZ
>"L #define MAX_KEY 100
!VZCM{ #define CTRLBIT 0x04
m&z%kVsg] #define ALTBIT 0x02
[N$_@[ #define SHIFTBIT 0x01
Ky~~Cd$ #pragma data_seg("shareddata")
+5}T!r HHOOK hHook =NULL;
Q@.9wEAJ UINT nHookCount =0;
fF]&{b~wk static UCHAR HotKey[MAX_KEY] = {0}; //hotkey
gl\{QcI8< static UCHAR HotKeyMask[MAX_KEY] = {0}; //flag for hotkey, value is VK_CONTRL or VK_NEMU or VK_SHIFT
]3#
@t:> static HWND hCallWnd[MAX_KEY] = {0}; //window associated with hotkey
P;91C'T-x static int KeyCount =0;
U
&k3 static UCHAR MaskBits =0; //00000 Ctrl Alt Shift
mS;Q8Crh #pragma data_seg()
vc1GmB HINSTANCE hins;
/Ta0}Y(y void VerifyWindow();
cZ2,
u,4 BEGIN_MESSAGE_MAP(CHookApp, CWinApp)
ZC-evy //{{AFX_MSG_MAP(CHookApp)
Oy`\8*Uy__ // NOTE - the ClassWizard will add and remove mapping macros here.
<EN[s // DO NOT EDIT what you see in these blocks of generated code!
&$Ip$"H //}}AFX_MSG_MAP
ZTz(NS
EK END_MESSAGE_MAP()
cZF;f{t tfIBsw.
CHookApp::CHookApp()
[goPmVe+ {
Y0C<b*!"ST // TODO: add construction code here,
f!Nc+ // Place all significant initialization in InitInstance
<;Z~ vZ] }
U~@B%Msb
L \bmboNe CHookApp theApp;
.{ L m LRESULT CALLBACK KeyboardProc(int nCode,WPARAM wParam,LPARAM lParam)
]1$AAmQH {
p.Yg-CA BOOL bProcessed=FALSE;
zQ^[=siZ} if(HC_ACTION==nCode)
@?AE75E{ {
R,Uy3N if((lParam&0xc0000000)==0xc0000000){// Key up
ebwoMG,B- switch(wParam)
TbM*?\7 {
0`zq*OQ case VK_MENU:
j~>
#{"C MaskBits&=~ALTBIT;
j0NPd^ break;
#`wfl9tj case VK_CONTROL:
NGGd6V%'- MaskBits&=~CTRLBIT;
o6%f%:& break;
Q#bo!]H{t case VK_SHIFT:
I9&<:` MaskBits&=~SHIFTBIT;
O@&I.d$ break;
*#9kFz- default: //judge the key and send message
UZ0O
j5B. break;
vv_?ip:t }
!.N=Y;@lY for(int index=0;index<MAX_KEY;index++){
pMrfi}esx if(hCallWnd[index]==NULL)
2xm?,p` continue;
'v)+S;oB if(IsWindow(hCallWnd[index])&&(HotKey[index]==wParam)&&(HotKeyMask[index]==MaskBits))
k( ^ b {
2Rt ZTn SendMessage(hCallWnd[index],WM_HOTKEY,wParam,WM_KEYUP);
ho<#i( bProcessed=TRUE;
v65r@)\` }
GY :IORuA4 }
DzOJ{dF }
~kFRy {z else if((lParam&0xc000ffff)==1){ //Key down
^ZBkt7 switch(wParam)
>qZRIDE5$ {
g}h0J%s case VK_MENU:
`/iN%ZKum MaskBits|=ALTBIT;
Jrl
xa3 [ break;
{$.{VE+v5 case VK_CONTROL:
|mX8fRh MaskBits|=CTRLBIT;
pgi7 JQ break;
?!vW&KJZx case VK_SHIFT:
69L&H!<i: MaskBits|=SHIFTBIT;
1 Qkuxw break;
RmCR"~ default: //judge the key and send message
Fv
B2y8&W break;
IHfqW? }
Ha\ hQ'99 for(int index=0;index<MAX_KEY;index++)
xbIA97g-O, {
N~YeAe~+ if(hCallWnd[index]==NULL)
b*7i&q'H continue;
!b_IH0]U if(IsWindow(hCallWnd[index])&&(HotKey[index]==wParam)&&(HotKeyMask[index]==MaskBits))
U)6JJv {
% *hBrjbj SendMessage(hCallWnd[index],WM_HOTKEY,wParam,WM_KEYDOWN);
v4zARE9# bProcessed=TRUE;
lnUy?0( }
+!wc(N[(2 }
/xnhHwJm }
Pr"ESd>Y if(!bProcessed){
&aU+6'+QXB for(int index=0;index<MAX_KEY;index++){
,$>Z= ~x* if(hCallWnd[index]==NULL)
T9 1Iz+j continue;
hCrgN?Mz if(IsWindow(hCallWnd[index])&&(HotKey[index]==0)&&(HotKeyMask[index]==0))
rL/+`H SendMessage(hCallWnd[index],WM_HOTKEY,WM_HOTKEY,lParam);
*{bqHMd4L }
|ipppE= }
WJWrLu92\U }
oc3/
IWII return CallNextHookEx( hHook, nCode, wParam, lParam );
Hqk2W*UTl }
O)?0G$0 bE{`g]C5 BOOL InitHotkey()
im`^_zebj {
g$qh(Z_s if(hHook!=NULL){
8,Z0J nHookCount++;
P#C`/%$S return TRUE;
'AoH2 | }
{_JLmyaerZ else
I <7K^j+5: hHook=SetWindowsHookEx(WH_KEYBOARD,(HOOKPROC)KeyboardProc,hins,0);
ZL
Aq8X if(hHook!=NULL)
~*qGH nHookCount++;
4C$,X!kzF return (hHook!=NULL);
e:]$UAzp }
OkM> BOOL UnInit()
bP[/ {
^/,s$dj if(nHookCount>1){
"(5}=T@, nHookCount--;
,DjZDw return TRUE;
'nul{RE* }
*w;f\zW BOOL unhooked = UnhookWindowsHookEx(hHook);
`@90b4u if(unhooked==TRUE){
[O3R(`<e5 nHookCount=0;
/>?d
2? hHook=NULL;
sr\MQ?\fB }
Q'N<jX[ return unhooked;
CfAqMH*ip }
X*sF-T$. >&TktQO_T BOOL __declspec(dllexport) __stdcall AddHotkey(HWND hWnd,UCHAR cKey,UCHAR cMask)
p81~Lk*Hz@ {
;pNfdII( BOOL bAdded=FALSE;
{>:2Ff]O: for(int index=0;index<MAX_KEY;index++){
_R]1J0 if(hCallWnd[index]==0){
)gR&Ms4 hCallWnd[index]=hWnd;
1yo@CaW[\ HotKey[index]=cKey;
q&+GpR HotKeyMask[index]=cMask;
Zqao4 bAdded=TRUE;
_tjH=Ff$ KeyCount++;
U>>J_2 break;
D -jew &B }
{Hb _o)S }
XDn$=`2 return bAdded;
cc>h=%s` }
rScmUt 1F=x~FMvY BOOL __declspec(dllexport) __stdcall DeleteHotkey(HWND hWnd,UCHAR cKey,UCHAR cMask)
U;^{uQJ+, {
\+,jM6l}- BOOL bRemoved=FALSE;
W&"FejD for(int index=0;index<MAX_KEY;index++){
3 3V/<v if(hCallWnd[index]==hWnd){
.{Xi&[jw if(HotKey[index]==cKey&&HotKeyMask[index]==cMask){
OTRTa{TB hCallWnd[index]=NULL;
a\zbi$S HotKey[index]=0;
E$G8- HotKeyMask[index]=0;
+n0y/0Au bRemoved=TRUE;
Y-Z.AA, KeyCount--;
8mV35A7l break;
"e(Nh%t }
#):FXB$a }
!rXyw`6N }
$`uL^ hlj] return bRemoved;
<mpkkCl, }
T# 8O: <EE)d@%>v void VerifyWindow()
DukCXyB*l {
lwK Au!l for(int i=0;i<MAX_KEY;i++){
:+u?A if(hCallWnd
!=NULL){ V8c&2rNa
if(!IsWindow(hCallWnd)){ {6n B83BB
hCallWnd=NULL; 3c6#?<%0`
HotKey=0; M[X& Q
HotKeyMask=0; xL mo?Y*
KeyCount--; 1(m89C[
} E*CY/F I_
} d/"e3S1
} rHP5;j<]
} ,3x3&c
"6.kZ$`%
BOOL CHookApp::InitInstance() D].1X0^hp
{ GUMO;rZs
AFX_MANAGE_STATE(AfxGetStaticModuleState()); A_CK,S*\,&
hins=AfxGetInstanceHandle(); 32dR`qb
InitHotkey(); 0kmZO"K#e
return CWinApp::InitInstance(); `|Ih"EZ
} +Ge-!&.;A
6VIi
nuOW
int CHookApp::ExitInstance() _%Jqyc"-
{ )/Ul"QF
VerifyWindow(); q*52|?
UnInit(); dZ_Hj X7
return CWinApp::ExitInstance(); ]M#_o]
} KYMz
3s"x{mtH
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// CaptureDlg.h : header file U }xRvNz
#if !defined(AFX_CAPTUREDLG_H__97B51708_C928_11D5_B7D6_0080C82BE86B__INCLUDED_) |s=)*DZv
#define AFX_CAPTUREDLG_H__97B51708_C928_11D5_B7D6_0080C82BE86B__INCLUDED_ Xji<oih
#if _MSC_VER > 1000 jo/-'Lf{?
#pragma once
'f]\@&Np
#endif // _MSC_VER > 1000 u6;SgPw
!Yd7&#s
class CCaptureDlg : public CDialog 6Xbo:#
{ F^z&s]^~
// Construction Fn1|Wt*
public: CB:G4VqOT
BOOL bTray; hv2@}<