英语知识点答疑之阅读理解新题型解析
——07年研究生入学考试英语新题型实例解析
Directions:?
You are going to read a list of headings and a text about what parents are supposed to do to guide their children into adulthood. Choose a heading from the list A—G that best fits the meaning of each numbered part of the text (41~45).The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There are two extra headings that you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
A. Set a Good Example for Your Kids?
B. Build You Kids’ Work Skills?
C. Place Time Limits on Leisure Activities?
D. Talk about the Future on a Regular Basis?
E. Help Kids Develop Coping Strategies?
F. Help Your Kids Figure Out Who They Are?
G. Build Your Kids’ Sense of Responsibility
How Can a Parent Help?
Mothers and fathers can do a lot to ensure a safe landing in early adulthood for their kids. Even if a job’s starting salary seems too small to satisfy an emerging adult’s need for rapid content, the transition from school to work can be less of a setback if the start-up adult is ready for the move. Here are a few measures, drawn from my book Ready or Not, Here Life Comes, that parents can take to prevent what I call “work-life unreadiness”:?
41
You can start this process when they are 11 or 12. Periodically review their emerging strengths and weaknesses with them and work together on any shortcomings, like difficulty, in communicating well or collaborating. Also, identify the kinds of interests they keep coming back to, as these offer clues to the careers that will fit them best.?
42
Kids need a range of authentic role models—as opposed to members of their clique, pop stars and vaunted athletes. Have regular dinner-table discussions about people the family knows and how they got where they are. Discuss the joys and downsides of your own carcer and encourage your kids to form some ideas about their own future. When asked what they want to do, they should be discouraged from saying “I have no idea.” They can change their minds 200 times, but having only a foggy view of the future is of little good.?
43
Teachers are responsible for teaching kids how to learn; parents should be responsible for teaching them how to work. Assign responsibilities around the house and make sure homework deadlines are met. Encourage teenagers to take a part-time job. Kids need plenty of practice delaying gratification and deploying effective organizational skills, such as managing time and setting priorities.?
44
Playing video games encourages immediate content. And hours of watching TV shows with caned laughter only teaches kids to process information is passive way. At the same time, listening through earphones to the same monotonous beats for long stretches encourages kids to stay inside their bubble instead of pursuing other endeavors. All these activities can prevent the growth of important communication and thinking skills and make it difficult for kids so develop the kind of sustained concentration they will need for most jobs.?
45
They should know how to deal with setbacks, stresses and feelings of inadequacy. They should also learn how to solve problems and resolve conflicts, ways to brainstorm and think critically. Discussions at home can help kids practice doing these thins and help them apply these skills to everyday life situations.?
What about the son or daughter who is grown but seems to be struggling and wandering aimlessly through early adulthood? Parents still have a major role to play, but now it is more delicate. They have to be careful not to come across as disappointed in their child. They should exhibit strong interest and respect for whatever interests their fledging adult (as naive or ill conceived as it may seem) while becoming a partner in exploring options for the future. Most of all, these new adults, must feel they are respected and supported by a family that appreciates them.
07年的考研英语新题型选择了标题选择题，这种题型是几种备选中难度相对较小的一种。这篇文章主要讲述青少年如何在父母的指导之下，给自己设定一个培养自己未来的职业生涯规划、并提高自己的职业综合能力。我们结合具体的题目对这一类的新题型阅读题进行分析：
第41题：这一题考查的是指代关系，答题的主要线索是you这个单词。这里的you指代孩子的家长，而不外乎是加强家长如何了解自己孩子的优、缺点，然后帮助孩子确定未来的职业生涯。我们要注意到下面的periodically review的表达，这里面没有主语，但我们可以从上下文看出父母是做主语的概念，了解了线索you，我们就应该比较容易的判断出正确的选项。
第42题：这一题也要注意一个关键的词汇线索models，这个是题目中最常见、最简单的线索。此题可以把词汇的线索细分为词汇的重复，但是本题的重复不是简单的同一个词重复，而是比较侧重于考查学生基本功的同义词重复，分析到这一点我们可以发现，题干当中A选项其中的一个单词example是和models是一致的，所以可以判断出正确的答案是A。
第43题：从本段第一句话看多次出现了responsible和responsibility这些相同词根的词，所以有同学就会以为可能要选的是G，但是如果把这一段认真读完的话你会发现，其实这个G是干扰项，在这一段中我们可以发现，homework deadline、organization skills以及managing time和setting priorities这些词汇都反应体现的是工作的技巧，这几组词属于什么呢？我们称之为同一词汇搭配和同一领域的词汇的体现，那么我们选完之后可以判断，正确的答案不外乎就是B。
第44题：把全段内容读完之后就可以发现，整段讲的就是娱乐和工作的关系问题，从这里面可以判断出选择C，应该是正确答案。
第45题：45题主要考查的是逻辑关系，考逻辑关系的题目的基本思路是：一般先描述问题，然后提出问题的的解决方法和对解决方法是否有效的评论，这段话的大意其实可以分为两个部分，第一个部分是前两段，表达青少年应该具备什么样的素质，比如处理问题、解决冲突、头脑风暴乃至批判性思考等这样的一些基本素质；而本段的关键其实是在第二部分，就是最后一句话，也就是他问采用什么样的方法可以锻炼孩子的基本素质，其实也就是家庭性的讨论，discussion at home，从这些问题我们可以归纳出一个具有共同性的特征，都是集体性的问题，什么概念呢？需要处理的这些问题，青少年需要具备的这些素质都要涉及到几个人，而非个体的问题。E选项的最后两个词“coping strategies”(合作协调战略)，从这里可以判断45题选择E。
从整体上看，这类新题型的篇幅不长，难度也不是很大，因此这一部分的整体得分也会有所上浮。不过这并不意味着今年即将步入考场的同学们可以相应减少对新题型的练习。因为从近几年的考试情况看，新题型一直是得分率较低的试题，文章难度并不比阅读理解难很多，但新题型的其它几种类型的答题难度较大，所以同学们在复习的过程中仍然要特别注意新题型的训练。在练习的过程中，词汇量和阅读理解能力是基础，相对于其它题型来说，新题型的答题技巧更加重要，这需要同学们在练习的过程中适应并掌握。
